1. The Nervous System

2. Nervous system

3. Structure

4. The Neuron

7. Neuron Cell body

8. Neuron Cell Body Nissl Bodies A unique structure to neurons Large granular bodies, clusters of rough ER Gives the cell body its gray color (gray matter) Synthesize and release proteins

13. Classification of Neurons

18. Functional Classification of Neurons

21. Neurotransmission depends on action potential: Short lasting electrical event on the plasma membrane of neurons.

26. Neuroglial Cell

32. Divisions of the Nervous system

38. Cerebrum: Frontal lobe Primary motor area: conscious movement of all skeletal muscles Higher intellectual reasoning Parietal lobe: Somatic sensory cortex area: Touch, pain, temperature..etc) Temporal lobe: Auditory area, olfactory area Occipital lobe: Visual area

40. Thalamus: Relay station for sensory impulses Cerebrum  Sensory signals  thalamus  brain stem  spinal cord  PNS Hypothalamus: Regulates body temp, water balance, metabolism (TSH) Stress management: by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)  adrenal glands Controls pituitary gland: GH, prolactin, oxytocin…etc. Important part of the “limbic system” or emotional visceral brain (thirst, appetite, pleasure, pain..etc) Influences controls of the medulla oblongata Epithalamus: Contains pineal gland  melatonin (sleep hormone) Choroid plexux  forms CSF

41. Brain Stem: Midbrain Bulges in front called cerebral peduncles: coordinate fine motor movements (e.g. grasping an object between a thumb and a finger) Dorsally: protrusions called corpora- quadrigemina: involved in vision and hearing Pons Involved in the control of breathing Medulla oblongata Cardioregulatory centers (heartbeat, blood pressure, vasoconstriction…) Breathing, swallowing, vomiting

42. Cerebellum: Located under the cerebrum Functions: Controls balance and movement coordination By receiving information from the body and sending information to the body

43. Spinal Cord: Receives signals from the brain Passes signals to the PNS (which take them to the rest of the body)

44. Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system