1. Christian Poluch, Dillon Gearing, Annie Graszl Group 7

2.  No grid or unreliable grid – need for an alternate source of energy  Protection for the electronics  Positive social implications in the chosen country

3.  Alternate energy source  1.2 kW load, BTS DC Equipment operates at -48 VDC  Incorporation of sodium metal halide batteries for energy storage  Hut equipment to protect electronics

4.  Semi-presidential republic  Official language- Swahili, English  Total GDP(PPP)- $65.059 billion  Climate- tropical  Hot and humid near the coast  Dry inland to the North and Northeast

5.  Market-based economy  Tourism accounts for 63% of income.  Agriculture accounts for 24% of income.  Industry such as food production accounts for 14% of income.  The majority of Kenya’s energy comes from hydroelectric dams along the Tana River.  The rest of their energy comes from petroleum plants, geothermal plants and some is imported from Uganda.

6.  Why is cell phone service relevant? ◦ Kenya has a goal to become a technological society. ◦ In order to do this, availability of cell phone signal is key.  Why use an alternative energy source? ◦ The majority of Kenya’s electricity comes from alternative energy sources. ◦ Nonrenewable resources (oil and natural gas) are rare in Kenya – would need to be imported.  What would be the effects on Kenyan society? ◦ Bring technological advances into a country that is continuing to grow. ◦ Would not greatly alter the current lifestyle of Kenyan citizens.

7. Criteria / Requirements Location Power Load Needs Power Sources and Storage Optimal Hybrid Operation Social Effects of Telecom Cost Total for Each Row WF for each row = Total of Row / Sum of Totals Location0100011/15 Power Load Needs1111151/3 Power Sources and Storage 0010011/15 Optimal Hybrid Operation 1000122/15 Social Effects of Telecom 1011031/5 Cost1010131/5 15100%

8. Criteria / Requirements Weight Factors of Criteria = WF SolarWindHydro Geother mal Solar and Wind Solar and Hyrdo Location1/154 =.267 6 =.4 4 =.2675 =.333 Power Load Needs1/34 = 1.333 6 = 24 = 1.3336 = 2 Power Sources and Storage 1/154 =.267 6 =.44 =.267 Optimal Hybrid Operation 2/153 =.4 5 =.6673 =.46 =.8 Social Effects of Telecom 1/54 =.8 5 = 1 3 =.64 =.8 Cost1/56 = 1.25 = 12 =.41 =.25 = 11 =.2 WR Totals4.2674.0674.7343.65.0674.4

9.  Uses thermal energy that occurs from hot springs, decaying radioactive material, volcanic activity, and absorbed solar energy.  High cost to implement  Low cost to maintain  Only 10-23% efficient

10.  Creates power by using flowing water.  Expensive to implement  Low maintenance costs  Creates high amounts of power

11.  Only takes up a small plot of land for base of turbine  Moderately Inexpensive  Available in a range of sizes  However, wind is not always available

12.  Low startup cost  Low maintenance cost  Panels can last a long time  However, sunlight is not always available

13.  Mini wind turbines combined with solar arrays  Add a large amount of reliability to the system ◦ In such weather conditions where sunlight is not available, wind often is  Wind greatly improves the effectiveness of off-the-grid systems, especially in winter  Cost efficient

14. Energy Flow Chart

15.  Implement GE Solar Panels  Solar panel will be set at an 85˚ angle ◦ Optimum angle to attract the most sunlight, especially during the winter months  For the sake of cost efficiency, the panel will remain at the 85 ˚ angle throughout the year ◦ Will keep maintenance costs low

16.  System will incorporate a smaller wind turbine model ◦ Minimize costs ◦ Minimize wasted energy

17.  http://www.alternative-energy- guide.com/articles/electricity/hybrid%20syste ms.htm  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the -world-factbook/geos/ke.html  http://www.ecofriend.org/entry/green- mountain-energy-solar-and-wind-energy- at-their-combined-best/