1. Hope Mizzell, Ph.D. SC State Climatologist South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Carolinas and Virginia Climate Conference Improving Drought Detection

4. Local Drought Committee (12) Local Drought Plans and Ordinances State Drought Program State Agency Drought Committee (5) South Carolina’s Hydro-Logical Cycle Drought Act and Regulations

5. South Carolina Drought Response Committee Statewide Committee Members SC Dept. of Natural Resources SC Emergency Management Division SC Dept. of Health and Environmental Control SC Department of Agriculture SC Forestry Commission Local Committee Members AgricultureIndustry Counties Municipalities Commissions of Public Works Domestic users Power Generation FacilitiesPrivate water suppliers Regional Councils of GovernmentPublic service districts Soil & Water Conservation DistrictsSpecial Purpose Districts Invited Participants Farm ServiceNational Weather Service United States Dept. of AgricultureUS Geological Survey South Carolina Drought Response Committee

6. Drought Declarations Drought committee reviews drought related variables such as : PDSI = Palmer Drought Severity Index CMI = Crop Moisture Index SPI = Standard Precipitation Index DM = National Drought Monitor KDBI = Keetch Byram Forest Fire Drought Index Streamflow = Average streamflow for two consecutive weeks Aquifer Level= Static water level for two consecutive months Specific numerical values for the indices that define each level of drought are established through regulation. 4 levels of drought: Incipient Moderate Severe Extreme

7. Drought Management Plan and Response Ordinance Inventory Water Conservation Actions Dynamic Drought Index Drought Monitoring Tools and Applications

8. Water Conservation Actions

9. Drought Response Plans and Ordinances

11. https://www.dnr.sc.gov/drought/ Web-based mapping tool that emerged in response to user needs during 1998-2002 drought in Carolinas. Shaped by interactions with stakeholders during Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) relicensing of dams on major river basins in the Carolinas.

13. Daily (computed on a daily basis): total 5 indices Daily maximum, minimum, mean temperature Daily total precipitation KBDI (Keetch-Byram Drought Index) Weekly (computed on a weekly basis): total 43 indices Weekly, biweekly, monthly average maximum, minimum, mean temperature Weekly PDSI, PHDI, PMDI Estimated Monthly PDSI, PHDI, PMDI Monthly (4-weeks) PDSI, PHDI, Z–Index, PMDI * CMI (Crop Moisture Index) 1–, 2– week, 1–, 3–, 6–, 9–, 12–, 24–month SPI 1–, 2– week, 1–, 3–, 6–, 9–, 12–, 24–, 60–month total precipitation 1–, 2– week, 1–, 3–, 6–, 12–, 24–month total streamflow Monthly (computed on a monthly basis): total 24 indices Monthly average maximum, minimum, mean temperature Monthly PDSI, PHDI, Z–Index, PMDI 1–, 3–, 6–, 9–, 12–, 24–month SPI 1–, 3–, 6–, 12–, 24–, 60–month total precipitation 1–, 3–, 6–,12–, 24–month average daily total streamflow * Rhee, J. and G.J. Carbone. A Comparison of Weekly Monitoring Methods of the Palmer Drought Index. Journal of Climate 20(24): 6033-6044.

14. Map User Input Classification method  Equal interval  Quantile  Natural break  U.S. Drought Monitor-comparable category  SC Drought Act Exceptional Drought Extreme Drought Severe Drought Moderate Drought Abnormally Dry

15. Interpolation (IDW) 6 nearest stations Search up to 12 nearest stations for data No data Next nearest station 4 km X 4 km grids

16. Map Navigation Tools

18. Aggregation Rhee, J., G. J. Carbone, and J. Hussey. 2008. Drought index mapping at different spatial units. Journal of Hydrometeorology DOI: 10.1175/2008JHM983.1.

19. Graph Create Graph Aggregated Features

20. Table Create Table

21. Comparison: time scale variability January 1998 ~ December 2008 PDSI 1-month SPI 3-month SPI6-month SPI

22. Drought Level DMKBDIStreamflowGroundwater Weekly ( %)Daily (%)Predefined percentiles Extreme Drought13.780.054.492.00 Severe Drought17.953.900.453.00 No Drought43.2777.7094.1680.00 Drought Level PDSISPI1SPI3SPI6SPI9SPI12CMI Monthly (%) Weekly Extreme Drought0.761.211.061.671.520.760.00 Severe Drought5.153.643.182.273.484.700.17 No Drought57.8850.1549.2449.8552.5852.5785.94 Percent frequency of drought in Oconee County 1951-2008

23. 11 Lakes Storage 6-month Streamflow 3-Month USDM Stage 1 –Stage 4 FERC Low Inflow Protocol or

24. StorageDMStreamflowSPI6SPI9Blend 1Blend 2 Aug 06 0131001 Sep 06 0020 Oct 06 0010 Nov 06 Dec 06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-0700 Jun-070100 Jul-0701010 Aug-071111000 Sep-072222111 Oct-072233212 Nov-073342312 Dec-072342322 Jan-081441222 Feb-08441222 Mar-08441221 Apr-08330211 Higher than Storage Lower than Storage SPI 6-month, SPI 9-month, Blend 1, and Blend 2 drought stages compared to LIP

26. Thank you! Hope Mizzell SC State Climatologist 1000 Assembly Street Columbia, SC 29201 803-734-9568