2. Cells and biomes are open systems that exchange matter and energy with their surroundings. A biome is a large geographical region with a specific climate that the plants and animals that inhabit it are adapted to.

3. The distribution of Earth’s biomes is affected by the amount of solar energy and precipitation received by different regions.

7. Permafrost, bitter cold, and high winds means no trees or tall plants. Little annual rainfall, but accumulation on top of permafrost. Mountaintops around the world can be alpine tundra.

9. Dominated by cone- bearing, evergreen trees (coniferous) Adapted to heavy snowfall Large terrestrial biome

11. Mid latitudes, with enough moisture to support trees Deciduous trees drop their leaves in winter

13. Deep, rich topsoil means a lot of conversion to agriculture Seasonal drought, occasional fires and grazing by large mammals prevents shrub and tree establishment

15. Closed tree canopy Pronounced vertical stratification (layering) Greatest diversity of plants and animals

17. Extreme temperatures (hot and cold) Organisms adapted to conserve water Sparse rainfall Many protective adaptations of plants to deter herbivory

19. read pages 391 – 402 D2.4 Check and Reflect page 402 #’s 1 – 8