1. EUROPE BEFORE WWI

2. EUROPE AFTER WWI

3. REASONS FOR THE RISE OF “TOTALITARIAN” DICTATORS
Treaty of Versailles
Weimar Republic
Economic Problems
Great Depression
Lost Faith in Democracy
League of Nations use of Appeasement

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF “TOTALITARIAN” DICTATORSHIPS
Large Militaries
Propaganda
Total Control R A C I S m
State > Individual
Censorship
Anti-Democratic
Secret Police
Extreme Nationalism
Gain Approval through Imperialism

5. BENIITO MUSSOLINI’S FASCIST ITALY
“March on Rome” (1922)
King Victor Emmanuel III feared civil war
made Mussolini Prime Minister (eg. of Appeasement?)
“Blackshirts”
Il Duce (1925)
Expected loyalty to Italy
“Believe, Obey, Fight”
14 kids = medal
educate youth
“Sons of the Wolf”
“Survival of the Fittest”

6. JOSEPH STALIN’S COMMUNIST RUSSIA
1924 – Lenin died
before dying, warned against promoting Stalin
power struggle between Joseph
Stalin and Leon Trotsky
1928 – Stalin becomes leader
“5 Year Plan”
Modernize USSR
Oil/Coal/Steel
“Collective Farms”
Peasants forced to join
Peasants resisted
“Terror Famine”
“Gulags”

7. JOSEPH STALIN’S COMMUNIST RUSSIA
“Great Purge” (1934)
purged enemies
Characteristics of Communism
“Classless society”
Society controlled by government
Terror
Censorship
Propaganda
“Comintern”
organization to promote revolution
Opposite of capitalism
“Red Scare”

8. FRANCISCO FRANCO’S SPAIN
1936 Spanish Civil War
Franco led the “Nationalists” against Spain’s democratic government
Germany and Italy sent soldiers and supplies to assist Franco
“El Caudillo”
Persecution , repression, censorship
Guernica
“weapons experiment”

9. -- Pablo Picasso’s “Guernica” --

10. Japan – Empire of the Rising Sun
Hirohito – Emperor
viewed as a god
opposed war
Hideki Tojo - Minister of War
“War Hawks” gaining power
expand/strengthen Japan
make Japan self-sufficient
growing population strained resources
Hirohito
Tojo

11. Japan – Empire of the Rising Sun
1924 U.S. “National Origins Act”
put limits on immigration from Asia, but Europeans still allowed
Japanese felt insulted…viewed as inferior
Issei – foreign born Japanese immigrants in U.S. before 1924
Nisei – children of Issei born in U.S.
1931 Japan invaded Manchuria
Japan attacked China
Japan “claimed” they were fired on by Chinese troops at the Marco Polo Bridge…Japan used as an excuse to invade
beginning of WWII in Asia
raw materials // living space
“Rape of Nanking” – murder of up to 250K innocent Chinese

12. Rise of Nazi Germany TREATY OF VERSAILLES Germany’s Punishment
lost all colonial territory
military reduced
could not produce any war material
no troops in Rhineland
pay Reparations
War Guilt Clause
Sudetenland given to Czechoslovakia
Anschluss forbidden

13. Rise of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler fought for Germany in WWI
“Iron Cross”
1919 joined Nazi Party
1921 leader of Nazi Party
promised to correct Germany’s problems

14. Rise of Nazi Germany Beer Hall Putsch (1923) “Mein Kampf” failed
Hitler thrown into jail
“Mein Kampf”
Nazi bible
Aryan Race
Lebensraum
“Blame Game”
Weimar Republic
“Stabbed in the Back”
Jews

15. Rise of Nazi Germany
Nazis had 32 seats in the Reichstag
Dawes Plan helped Germany’s economy strengthen
1928 Nazis had 12 seats in the Reichstag
“Black Tuesday” (10/29/1929)
Great Depression
strengthened Hitler/Nazis
1933 Nazi Party is largest political party in the Reichstag
288 seats in the Reichstag
Hitler appointed Chancellor (appeasement?)

16. A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933
Rise of Nazi Germany
Reichstag Fire (Feb 1933)
Terrorism or Nazi propaganda?
Exploited people’s fears of Communist takeover
began using “Martial Law”
Enabling Acts (3/23/1933)
passed by Reichstag to giving Hitler power to make any law necessary to protect Germany
symbolic beginning of dictatorship
“SS” – motto – “My honor is called loyalty”
Hitler’s “Praetorian Guard”
Gestapo
A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933

17. Rise of Nazi Germany Night of Long Knives (6/30/1934)
purged Nazi opponents
8/2/1934 President Von Hindenburg dies Hitler takes control
“Der Fuhrer” – “Today Germany, Tomorrow the World”
Third Reich
8/19/ % approval in plebescite vote
“Hitler Youth” (HJ) (Hitler HJ Video)
“Triumph of the Will”
Nazi Propaganda
1934 Nuremberg Rally
1938 Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year”