1. Fascism Rises in Europe Fascism: militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader

2. Fascism’s Rise in Italy  Mussolini Upset over Paris Peace Conference Depression led to social unrest Democratic government seemed helpless Benito Mussolini promised to restore the economy and strengthen the armed forces October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched on Rome and demanded Mussolini be put in charge

3. Il Duce’s Leadership  Il Duce (the leader) Abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except the Fascists Secret police Government censors

4. Hitler Rises  Twice awarded the Iron Cross in WWI  Nazis Wanted to overturn the Versailles Treaty Miltlia, brown shirts Was chosen as Fuhrer or the leader Wanted to regain land Depression led citizens to Hitler

5. Hitler Becomes Chancellor  Turned Germany into a totalitarian state  Banned or imprisoned opponents  The Gestapo  Nazis took control of the economy Outlawed strikes Dissolved unions Government control of business and labor Constructed factories, built highways, manufactured weapons and served in the military

6. Fuhrer is Supreme  Wanted control over every aspect of German life  Propaganda  Hitler Youth or League of German Girls

7. War on the Jews  Hatred of Jews; Nazi ideology  Jews were used as scapegoats  Violence mounted  Kristallnacht “Night of the Broken Glass” Mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on the streets and destroyed thousands of Jewish owned buildings Started process of eliminating Jews from German life

8. Other Countries Fall to Dictators  Hungary in 1919, Admiral Miklos Horthy  Poland 1926, Marshal Jozef Pilsudski  Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, and Romanian kings turned to stronger ruling