1. 6-1 Module Eight: Nonverbal Messages

2. In pairs turn your back to your mate. Recount your most embarrassing moment without looking at your partner (the person behind you) – use words only Now tell the person you are looking at the same story In Pairs 6-2

3. 7 6-3

4. Communication without words The message sent must be received in some way by at least one other person 6-4 Nonverbal Messages

5. Nonverbal communication is more multidimensional, depending on such things as physical appearance, body movements, facial expressions, touch vocal characteristics, and the communication context Everyone uses nonverbal communication 6-5 Nonverbal Messages

6. Accenting – emphasize I love you. Contradicting – ie winking to show lies Complementing – add nuances: smile, frown Regulating – control flow of verbals: um, pauses Repeating – restate verbal messages: eyebrows raised Substituting – take place of verbals: thumbs up,nod 6-6 Verbal-Nonverbal Interaction

7. Top of page 141 6-7 Read “Thinking Critically About”

8. Forming and managing impressions Forming and defining relationships Structuring conversation and social interaction Influencing and deceiving Expressing emotions Read pages 142-3 6-8 Nonverbal Communication Functions

9. Two men who have not seen each other for a long time meet on the street Two women who have not seen each other for a long time meet on the street Three women sitting around the table in a bar talking Three men sitting around the table in a bar talking A male student telling his roommate about his girlfriend breaking up with him A female student telling her roommate about her boyfriend breaking up with her Role Play 6-9

10. Smell Face Time Artifacts Touch Body Eyes Paralanguage Silence Space Channels of Nonverbal Communication 6-10

11.  Emblems are gestures that directly translate into words – thumbs up – good job  Illustrators enhance the verbal message they accompany – ie gesture to left  Affect displays communicate emotional meaning- happy – often unconscious  Regulators are behaviours that monitor, control, coordinate, or maintain the speaking of others  Adaptors are gestures that satisfy a personal need- rub nose, pick lint, shred cup 6-11 Five Types of Body Messages

12. When you first meet someone, you automatically analyze his or her physical appearance to form an impression Tall – short Weight Hair Attractiveness Race Body Appearance 6-12

13. Gestures are body movements that communicate an idea or emotion They can emphasize or stress parts if a message, reveal discomfort with a situation, or convey a message without the use of words The hands and arms are used most frequently for gesturing, although head and foot movements are also considered types of gestures Many people have difficulty expressing their thoughts without using gestures Body Movement and Gestures 6-13

14. Touch is one of the most potent forms of physical expression It not only has the power to send strong messages, but it also affects your overall well being Being deprived of touch can have a negative effect on your physical and psychological health Touch 6-14

15. Your face is composed of complex muscles capable of displaying well over a thousand different expressions These expressions let you know if others are interested in, agree with, or understand what you have said Generally women tend to be more facially expressive and to smile more often than men Although men are more likely to limit the amount of emotion they reveal, everyone relies on facial expressions to comprehend the full meaning of the message Facial Expression 6-15

16. We learn to manage facial expressions in order to convey or conceal an emotion and to adapt our facial expressions to particular situations The most common techniques for adapting facial expressions are: Masking Neutralization Intensification Deintensifaction 6-16 Facial Expression

17. Intensifying - exaggerate De-intensifying - underplay Neutralizing - hide Masking - substitute 6-17 Facial Management Techniques See Table 7.2 on page 146

18. 7 6-18

19. Mirror of the soul Cultural/gender Eyes 6-19

20.  Seek feedback  Inform the other person that the channel of communication is open  Signal the nature of a relationship  Lessen psychologically the physical distance between you and another person 6-20 Eye Contact

21. Help others maintain privacy Signal lack of interest Block off unpleasant stimuli Heighten other senses Lying 6-21 Eye Avoidance

22. Women tend to engage in more eye contact when listening than men In North America lack of eye contact is frequently perceived as rudeness, indifference, nervousness, or dishonesty Direct eye contact is taboo or an insult in many Asian countries (collectivist cultures) Eyes and gender/culture 6-22

23. Review for Next Class 6-23

24. Proxemics: Your use of space to communicate Intimate, personal, social, public Territoriality: The territory you occupy or own and the way you protect this territory 6-24 Space Messages

25. Intimate distance – touching – 46 cm Personal distance – 46 cm – 1.2m Social distance – 1.2m – 3.7m Public distance – 3.6 – more than 7.6m 6-25 Spatial Distance Messages See Table 7.3 on page 148

26. Status Culture Subject matter Gender Age 6-26 Influences on Spatial Distances

27. Location of homes/offices Invasion of privacy – work Marking territory Territoriality Messages 6-27

28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgSp8znMWZI 6-28 Video

29. Colour Clothing and body adornment  Dress  Hair  Jewellery  Body piercings  Tattoos Space decoration 6-29 Artifactual Messages

30. Haptics – the study of touch Positive emotion Playfulness Control Ritual Task-relatedness Touch Avoidance Communication apprehension 6-30 Touch (Tactile) Messages

31.  Stress – which words  Pitch  Rate  Volume  Rhythm  Vocalizations – crying, yawning  Judgements 6-31 Paralanguage – how you say something

32. Punctuation is powerful 6-32 Punctuate the following: males in the class : A woman without her man, is nothing. Are you ready for this...........? females in the class : A woman: without her, man is nothing. A woman without her man is nothing

33. Allows time to think Can hurt others Might indicate anxiety - shy May prevent communication Can encourage communications May indicate nothing to say 6-33 Silence

34. Psychological time Past Present Future 6-34 Time Messages

35. Psychological time Cultural time Biorhythms Time Messages 6-35

36. Attraction Taste Memory Identification – ie toothpaste, cleaners, significant others… 6-36 Messages from Smell

37. Facial expressions Colours Space Time – see Table 7.4 page 157 6-37 Nonverbal Cultural Differences

38. Complete 7.1 and 7.2 page 162: you can use emoticons ie: Complete 7.3 #3 and #4 page163 Email me your results Skill Building Exercises 6-38