1. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc 1 Prepared By: Renee Brokaw University of North Carolina, Charlotte This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Unit 1 Principles of Communication 2

3. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 6 Adapting to Others: Diversity and Communication 3

4. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Communication Principles for Life 4

5. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Bridging the Gender Gap Understand the differences Examine yourself and determine choices Be a gender researcher Adapt your behavior appropriately 5

6. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question The cultural value of ______ means that people in the culture tend to value high achievement and differentiation in sex roles. A.Uncertainty avoidance B.Power clarification C.Individualism D.Masculinity 6

7. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer The cultural value of ______ means that people in the culture tend to value high achievement and differentiation in sex roles. A.Uncertainty avoidance B.Power clarification C.Individualism D.Masculinity 7

8. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Gender-Based Approached to Communication Masculine Instrumental Emphasis on content Focus on the “what” is being said More attention to verbal messages Feminine Expressive Emphasis on relational elements Focus on communicator’s relationship More attention to non- verbal messages 8

9. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Sexual Orientation Avoid judgments Watch language –Gay or lesbian vs. homosexual –Sexual orientation vs. sexual preference Be aware of homophobia –Fear of gays or lesbians 9

10. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Ethnicity Nationality Religion Language Ancestral heritage 10

11. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Age Matures Baby Boomers Generation X Millennial Generation Name 1925-1942 1943-1960 1961-1981 1982-2002 Birth Years Work hard Value optimism Buy now/pay later Consider balance Live for today Are goal- oriented Are team- oriented Typical Characteristics 11

12. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Culture and Communication 12

13. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Culture Co-culture Intercultural communication Culture shock Worldview 13

14. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Cultural Context High-context Low-context 14

15. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc A Scale of High-Context and Low- Context Cultures 15

16. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Individualistic and Collectivistic Values Individualistic –Value individual and personal achievement Collectivistic –Value collaboration, teamwork and group achievement 16

17. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question _______ cultures tend to value group achievement. A.Individualistic B.Decentralized C.Collectivistic D.Centralized 17

18. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer _______ cultures tend to value group achievement. A.Individualistic B.Decentralized C.Collectivistic D.Centralized 18

19. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Power and Cultural Values Decentralized –Value consensus –Strive for equal distribution of power Centralized –Value structured governments and management styles –Accept some people have more power 19

20. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Uncertainty and Certainty Values Uncertainty –Value security –Dislike ambiguity Certainty –Comfortable with ambiguity 20

21. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Masculine and Feminine Values Masculine –Value achievement, assertiveness, heroism, wealth –Assume traditional sex roles Feminine –Value sensitivity, caring, and quality of life –Assume less distinct sex roles 21

22. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Long Term and Short Term Values Long term –Focus on future –Value perseverance –Subordinate oneself for society’s good Short term –Focus on immediate –Value social and status obligations –Concerned about “saving face” 22

23. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Barriers to Bridging Differences: Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism –My culture is superior to yours 23 We’re #1

24. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question The tendency to believe that one’s own culture is superior to other cultures is called A.Ethnocentrism B.Egocentrism C.Stereotyping D.collectivism 24

25. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer The tendency to believe that one’s own culture is superior to other cultures is called A.Ethnocentrism B.Egocentrism C.Stereotyping D.collectivism 25

26. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Barriers to Bridging Differences: Assuming Similarity Anthropologists Klyde Kluckhohn and Henry Murray –Every person is Like all people Like some other people Like no other people 26

27. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Barriers to Bridging Differences: Assuming Differences Anthropologist Donald Brown –Have beliefs about death –Have a childhood fear of strangers –Have a division of labor by sex –Experience envy, pain, jealousy, shame and pride –Use facial expressions reflecting emotions –Experience conflict and want it resolved 27

28. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Barriers to Bridging Differences: Stereotyping and Prejudice Stereotypes –“All Russians like Vodka.” –“All men like to watch wrestling.” –“All Asians are good at math.” –“All women like to go shopping.” Prejudice –Pre-judge based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation 28

29. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Stages of Intercultural Communication Competence Belief there is only one culture…their own Stage One-Denial Acknowledges others, defensive of one’s own Stage Two-Defense Recognizes others, doesn’t see differences Stage Three-Minimization Recognizes others, ethnocentrism ends Stage Four-Acceptance Adapts behavior, competence blooms Stage Five-Adaption Adapts to others, shifts focus Stage 6-Integration 29

30. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Ethnorelative Cultural Perspective Seek Information –“Understanding is the beginning of approving.” Philosopher Andre Gide 30

31. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Ask Questions and Listen Questions diminish uncertainty Listening enhances understanding –Focus on message –Observe nonverbal cues –Note details and major ideas 31

32. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Tolerate Ambiguity North Americans –“Don’t beat around the bush.” –“Tell it to me straight.” Understand all cultures don’t value directness 32

33. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Develop Mindfulness Be aware of yourself and others Is best way to approach cultural encounters Engage in self-talk –Internal dialogue 33

34. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Become Other Oriented Egocentric –Focus on oneself Be Other Oriented –Focus on others –Maintain personal integrity 34

35. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Social Decentering Scholar Mark Redmond’s three steps –Develop understanding of others –Consider their past responses –Consider how most people respond 35

36. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Developing Empathy Empathy –Stop –Look –Listen –Imagine –Paraphrase Sympathy –Acknowledge emotions 36

37. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Adapt to Others Develop Knowledge Develop Motivation Develop Skill 37