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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Prepared by Katherine E. L. Norris, Ed.D. West Chester University of Pennsylvania This multimedia product and the content are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network, preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Growth of the Body and Brain Motor Development and Physical Activity Health and Safety Issues Children with Exceptional Needs
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Physical Growth and Problems with Being Overweight Growth and Maturation of the Brain
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Overweight ◦ Having a body mass index at or above the 95 th percentile for the child’s age and sex. Body Mass Index ◦ An indicator of body fat based on weight and height. Risk of Overweight ◦ Having a body mass index from the 85 th to the 95 th percentile for the child’s age and gender.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Plasticity ◦ The brain’s tendency to remain somewhat flexible or malleable until synaptogenesis is complete and until the brain’s synapses have been pruned and locked into particular functions.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Motor Development Physical Activity and Exercise Organized Sports
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Both gross-motor and fine-motor skills become more controlled and coordinated across the middle childhood years. Overall strength improves. Children gain more control over their movements during middle childhood. Gross and fine motor skills are more coordinated.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Health officials recommend that children get much more physical activity each day than most currently do. The benefits of physical activity include weight control, healthy lung function, and cardiovascular health. Rough-and-tumble play increases during middle childhood.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved.
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Organized Sports ◦ Sporting activities organized coached, or supervised by adults. Participation in organized sports has a number of potential physical, social, and emotional benefits. Barriers include money, time, transportation, and neighborhood safety considerations.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Home Safety ◦ 40% of children’s accidental deaths and 50% of injuries occur in the home. ◦ There are many things that can be done to improve safety in the home. Automobile Safety ◦ Automobile accidents are the leading cause of accidental death in this age group. ◦ Children should be secure in booster seats or seat belts appropriate for age and weight. Pedestrian Safety ◦ Adults need to supervise children when crossing streets.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Bicycle Safety ◦ In he U. S., approximately 275,000 children are injured and 140 are killed on bicycles each year. ◦ Wearing a helmet can reduce the risks of serious head and brain injuries by as much as 85%. Water Safety ◦ Drowning is another leading cause of accidental death among children. ◦ During middle childhood, children still need to be supervised around water.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Who’s At Risk? ◦ Unhealthy family environment. ◦ Marital disruptions. ◦ Individual factors. What Are The Effects of Child Sexual Abuse? ◦ Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◦ Depression
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Children With Exceptional Needs ◦ Children who require help beyond what is needed by peers. What is Developmental Psychopathology? Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Communication and Learning Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Developmental Psychopathology ◦ The view that a wide variety of factors influences both typical and a typical paths of developmental. Prevalence Rates ◦ Refers to the percentages or numbers of individuals who show particular problems or conditions. Comorbidity ◦ Situation in which an individual has more than one disorder or problem at the same time.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Four Types of ADHD ◦ ADHD – predominantly inactive ◦ ADHD – predominantly hyperactive-impulsive ◦ ADHD - combined ◦ ADHD – not otherwise specified
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Communication Disorders ◦ Conditions in which children have significant difficulty producing speech sounds, using spoken language to communicate, or understanding what other people say. Learning Disorders ◦ Conditions involving difficulties with specific skills such as reading, mathematics, or writing.
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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) ◦ A group of serious developmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication.
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