1. October 27, 20151 UNIT 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY 1.1 Cell Theory & the Microscope

2. Cell Theory 1.All living things are composed of one or more cells. 2.Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. 3.All cells arise from the division of other cells Note: Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1655 How? …………

3. Robert Hooke Hooke viewed a thin cutting of cork and discovered empty spaces contained by walls which he termed them cells

4. Compound Light Microscope

5. October 27, 20155 Compound Light Microscope 1. ocular 2. body tube 3. arm 4. stage clip adjustment knob 5. coarse adjustment knob 6. fine adjustment knob 7. revolving nosepiece 8. objective 9. aperture 10. stage clip 11. stage 12. condenser 13. diaphragm 14. light 15. base

6. Compound Light Microscope Microscope PartFunction 1. oculareyepiece lens, magnifies 10X 2. body tubedirects light into ocular, supports 3. armsupport 4. stage clip adjustment knob moves slide around 5. coarse adjustment knob moves stage up and down to focus image

7. Compound Light Microscope Microscope PartFunction 6. fine adjustment knob fine focus for most clear image 7. revolving nosepiece holds objective lenses & facilitates changing magnification 8. objective lensfurther magnifies the image 9. apertureopening to allow light to hit the specimen 10. stage clipholds slide in place

8. Compound Light Microscope Microscope PartFunction 11. stageplace specimen on it 12. condenserfocuses light into a beam 13. diaphragmcontrols the amount of light hitting the specimen 14. lightsends out light rays so specimen is visible 15. basesupports microscope

9. Compound Light Microscope has two lenses 1. ocular lens (10X) 2. objective lens (4X, 10X, 40X) - Low 4X - Medium 10X - High 40X magnification: the ability of lenses to enlarge the image of a specimen magnification = ocular lens X objective lens 400X = 10X times 40X

10. resolution: the amount of detail seen when viewing a specimen poor resolution = blurred image good resolution = clear, sharp image Compound Light Microscope

11. Other kinds of Microscopes Do you know any other kinds?..\Videos\Different-Kinds-of- Microscopes[www.savevid.com].3gp..\Videos\Different-Kinds-of- Microscopes[www.savevid.com].3gp

12. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): How it works: Uses invisible beam of electrons that pass through the specimen. Best to observe : Very thin pieces of the specimen. Magnify up to: 5 000 000X

13. Human Lung Tissue – Alveolar area

14. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): http://legacy.mos.org/sln/sem/seminfo.html How it works: Reflects electrons from the surface of the specimen. Magnifies to: 300 000X Best to observe: Thicker specimens, surface features

15. Radiolarian (SEM) single-celled organism. live in large quantities as part of the ocean's plankton. Magnification: X 750

16. Bladderwort Plant that live in fresh water Lives where nutrients are scarce Supplements its diet with insects or other small organisms Magnification: X 100

17. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/pic ture-galleries/7924099/Creepy- crawlies-Amazing-Scanning-Electron- Microscope-pictures-of-insects-and- spiders.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/pic ture-galleries/7924099/Creepy- crawlies-Amazing-Scanning-Electron- Microscope-pictures-of-insects-and- spiders.html

18. TEM & SEM Scanning electron microscope image of a snowflake. Transmission electron microscope image of the influenza virus.

19. Cholera TEM OR SEM??

21. Microscope Activity Working in pairs, identify all of the parts of the microscope. (Quiz each other) Materials: compound light microscope slide & cover slip coloured picture from a magazine 1.Cut out a small letter “e” and picture from the magazine. Answer the following questions with your partner: a) What happens when you move the slide to the right? b) What happens when you move the slide down? c) Describe the magnified image when looked at under high power? How does this differ when viewed with the unaided eye?