1. Ancient Rome ART KEY IDEAS: ROMAN ART SHOWS THE AMBITIONS OF A POWERFUL EMPIRE ROMAN ARCHITECTURE SHOWED ADVANCED UNDERSTANDING IN ENGINEERING THROUGH THE ARCH, THE VAULT AND CONCRETE ROMANS ADVANCED PAINTING TECHNIQUES ROMAN SCULPTURE IS GREATLY INDEBTED TO GREEK MODELS

2. Topic: Ancient Greco Roman Art  In 211 BCE the Romans conquered the Greek city of Syracuse, Sicily and brought back works of Greek civilization to the amazement of the Romans.  After, Romans wanted all things Greek  Greece was completely conquered in 146 BCE, most sculptures, pottery and other treasures were removed and sent to Rome  The Romans copied, learned and exceeded their influences..

3. Roman Republican Art - Busts Head of a Roman Patrician Upper Class Person (75-80 BCE) (plebian – lower class)  Bust from shoulders and head.  Romans felt the head was a good enough representation of a person  Expression: sincere, unwavering, resolute  Knowledgeable, respected 3

4. Roman Republican Art: A Roman Patrician with Busts of His Ancestors, Late 1 st Century B.C.E. Marble, life-size, Museo Capitolino, Rome 4.

5. Roman Republic vs. Roman Early Imperial Art Head of a Roman Patrician 75-80 BCE) Augustus of Primaporta, 20 BCE

6. Roman Early Imperial Art Augustus of Primaporta, 1 st. C. BCE  Idealization of human form. Force and power  Suggests a god/goddess 6

7. Roman Early Imperial (dictator) Art Ara Pacis, 1 st C. BCE  Altar of Peace – celebrates Augustus’s biggest achievement, est. peace  Altar connected w/Augustus’ homecoming after a long absence  Altar reconstructed in Italy during Mussolini’s reign on the 2,000 th birthday of Augustus  Mussolini wanted a Modern Roman Empire.

8. Roman Early Imperial Art Ara Pacis and Procession of the Imperial Family, 1 st C. BCE Relief or Frieze Sculpture found on walls, columns, and architecture 8.

9.  Mosaic – decoration using small pieces of colored stones on a 2D surface

10.  Goal: realism perfection, movement, emotion and light  Technique: Linear Perspective - the technique presenting three dimensional images on a 2D surface  Subject Matter: wealth, pleasure/Gods, power

11. Roman Architecture Pantheon, Rome, 2 nd century CE  Built under Emperor Hadrian’s rule  Considered a perfect Buildings Symmetry  Dedicated to all the gods (pan – all, theo – god)  Façade  Inscription references 1 st architect Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, built it (started)  8 Corinthian columns, 8 behind in porch  Ancient metal roof almost gone  Exterior does not give away the grand interior 11 Interior - 2 perfect intersecting circles (142 ft in diameter) - Interior height equals width - Symbolized an orb of the earth - Hemispherical dome - Oculus, 30 ft opening - 7 Niches for statues of 7 planetary gods Oculus allows light and air in

12. Roman Architecture Pantheon, Rome, 2 nd Century CE (continued)  Original dome decorated with stucco and painting  Original marble walls survive  Floor has drainage system Symbolism  Interior circle orb of the earth  Dome the vault as the heavens  Light from oculus symbolizes sun’s movement through the sky 12 Essential Question: What ways have the Romans advanced architecture?

13. Compare and Contrast the High Relief Sculptures Pedestal of a Column, 2 nd century CE, (161 CE) Contrast of the classical and the non-classical style

14. Roman High Imperial Art Column of Trajan, 2 nd c. CE, 112 CE  128ft Tall  Stood in Trajan’s Forum, surrounded by buildings so that the reliefs could be read  Ashes of Trajan placed at base  Statue was once Trajan now it’s St. Peter  Originally painted  Continuous narrative around column  Low relief, little shadows to enhance visibility  2,500 figures in all, 150 separate episodes  Trajan’s accomplishments in War  Column meant to be entered – a spiral staircase to the viewing platform at the top of the heroic statue 14 Depicts the war against the Dacians and http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/imperialfora/trajan/column.html http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/architecture/trajanscolumn.htm Thumbnails of Columns Scenes