1. Unit 10: Constitution

2. Articles of Confederation First gov’t of US after Revolution – Unicameral legislature – Each state had one vote. Strong state gov’t & weak federal gov’t – Federal system: Power is divided into levels.

3. Could and could not chart What powers did the federal gov’t have?

4. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Federal government: CouldCould Not 1. Make laws * 1. Enforce laws 2. Control the military 2. Collect taxes 3. Organize treaties 3. Elect a single leader 4. Amend the Articles~ 4. Establish a national court * Needed 9 out of 13 approval 5. Regulate trade ~ Needed unanimous approval 6. Regulate the money supply

5. Unit 10 W-T-L Write-To-Learn 1.Why would the Founding Fathers create such a weak federal government? 2.Why do you think the Articles of Confederation did not last?

6. Constitutional Convention 1787: Delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia. – RI refused to send delegates Why do you think? Purpose was to create a new form of government Kept the information discussed secret for 25 years

7. Plan and Compromise Charts What ideas were used to develop our Constitution?

8. Constitutional Compromises Write-To-Learn 3. Which compromise had the biggest effect on our country? Why?

9. Federalist vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported the Constitution. – Wrote the Federalist Papers defending the Constitution. – Led by Alexander Hamilton Anti-federalists opposed the Constitution. – Worried that too much power was given to the fed. gov’t – Wanted a Bill of Rights to protect individuals What are some of these rights? – Led by Thomas Jefferson

10. Ratification 9 out of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution. – RATIFY: to approve 1788: Constitution was ratified. – RI was the 13 th state to ratify it in 1790, but only after the Bill of Rights was added.

11. The Constitution Supreme law of the land. Provides the framework for government in the United States.

12. Constitution Breakdown 1.Preamble (Video 1 & 2)12 - You must recite the Preamble by Friday, April 12 th 2. Seven Articles 3.Twenty-seven amendments

14. Seven Articles I. Legislative Branch II. Executive Branch III. Judicial Branch IV. Relations among states V. Amending process VI. National Supremacy VII. Ratification process

15. Four Basic Principles The Constitution was designed on four basic principles: – Popular Sovereignty – Limited Government – Federalism – Separation of powers

16. 1. Popular Sovereignty The right of the people to rule themselves (by voting). Voters elect representatives The president and representatives are there to serve the people.

17. 2. Limited Government The gov’t is there to serve the people, so it should only be able to do what we allow – Cannot control every aspect of an individual’s life The Bill of Rights protects individual liberties Rule of law: everyone must follow the law, even the members of gov’t

18. 3. Federalism National government is the most powerful level – Why do we even need state government? Sectional differences Specialization Types of Power: – Enumerated: National gov’t. Can be expressed or implied (Elastic clause). – Reserved: State gov’t. – Concurrent: Shared between national and state. Info on pg 89 in your textbooks is fair game on the test

19. Implied Powers Necessary and Proper Clause – aka Elastic Clause – Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 – pg 99 Expressed Powers (Clause 1-17) + Implied Powers (Clause 18) Enumerated Powers

20. 4. Separation of Powers French philosopher, Baron de Montesquieu believed that executive, legislative, and judicial powers should be separated. The Constitution separates powers so the gov’t can be more effective – Division of labor (Specialization)

21. Checks and Balances The powers of the government are divided into three branches: – Legislative: Congress (House of Reps and Senate) Make laws – Executive: President. Enforce laws. – Judicial: Supreme Court. Interpret laws. The system of checks and balances keeps one branch of government from becoming too powerful.

23. Write-To-Learn 4.According to the Constitution, all of the branches of government are equal in power. Do you believe this is true or false? If you say true, why? If you say false, which branch do you believe is actually most powerful and why?

24. Partner Activity Choose from the following list of children’s songs. – Children’s Songs Children’s Songs Re-write the lyrics to create a song about your assigned topic You must perform your song with your partner.