1. Short Summary

2. Pros and cons Bottom-up inventoryUse of satellites

3. Pros and cons Bottom-up inventory High resolution database in some regions All gases are available in inventory Use of satellites Development needed Different technique for groups of species

4. Pros and cons Bottom-up inventory High resolution database in some regions All gases are available in inventory Time consuming to update (about 2 years) Use of satellites Development needed Different technique for groups of species Monitoring of emission changes, trends and new spots

5. Pros and cons Bottom-up inventory High resolution database in some regions All gases are available in inventory Time consuming to update (about 2 years) Politically accepted technique Depends on good-will of national authorities Use of satellites Development needed Different technique for groups of species Monitoring of emission changes, trends and new spots First step to monitoring of emission protocols Fair comparison between nations

6. Need for GlobEmissions Combining of both approaches is needed Adding satellite information or satellite-derived emissions for : –Monitoring aspect, –Independent verification –Identifying new hotspots –Identify long-range transport –Distinction anthropogenic / natural emissions –Feedback on new policies for emission regulations

7. Requirements Species: NOx, SO2, PM, NH3, NMVOCs, O3, CH4, marine, biogenic Frequency: Seasonal Spatial resolution: in range of 1x1 km to 50x50 km Accuracy: at least better than a factor 2 on a global scale Long-term data flow

8. Which emissions can be derived ? Proven (in scientific studies): NOx, CH4, HCHO, CO Probably: PM/Aerosol type, SO2, NH3 ? Not yet: O3, CO2 Indirectly Derived: NMVOCs (via HCHO and CHOCHO)

9. Users Atmospheric scientists: chemical-transport models Compagnies involved in energy or steel production: emission control Policy makers: feedback on policy Environmental agencies: monitoring/reporting Note: The type of users will be largely determined by the level of maturity of the service.