1. Polar Grasslands Gil G Nicole P 3 rd Hour McNamaraAPES

2. Polar Grasslands  Also known as Arctic Tundra  10% of earths land area  Cold, treeless plains  Long winters  Swept with frigid winds

3. Climate  Bitterly cold most the year  Temperature varies but is still cold  Covered with ice and snow most the year  Permafrost melts in summer, freezes in winter

5. Precipitation and Limiting Factors  27. 74 cm average precipitation annually  Over a meter of snowfall a year  Not many limiting factors  Little pollution due to low human population density

7. Flora (Plants, Flowers)  Lichens, Mosses, Sedges, Shrubs, and Evergreen trees  Extremely short growing season (6 to 10 weeks)  Grow close to the ground to conserve heat

8. Fauna (Animals)  Salmon, Whitefish, Caribou, Bear, Moose, and Waterfowl  Mostly hunted or trapped for meat  These animals can survive harsh weather  Built with thick fur and layers of fat for insulation and heat.

9. Degree of Biodiversity & Biomass Pyramid  Low biodiversity index  Not nearly as diverse as other Biomes  Harsher environment so less diverse  Survival of the fittest Flora: Lichens, Moss, Shrubs, Trees Fish, Birds, Moose Bears HumansHumans

10. Bibliography  Miller, G. Tyler. Living in the Environment. Belmont: Brooks/Cole, 2001.  "Tundra." The Tundra. 30 Sept. 1996. 20 Oct. 2008.  "Other Cities and towns." Alaska. 20 Oct. 2008.