1. How are worms different?

3. ALL WORMS are: INVERTEBRATES (no backbone)
PROTOSTOMES (blastopore mouth)
COELOM TYPES:
Flatworms = acoelomates Round worms = Pseudocoelomates Segmented worms = coelomates

4. FLAT WORMS (PLATYHELMINTHES)
PLANARIA
TAPEWORMS
FLUKES

5. FLATWORMS Planaria (Cross-eyed worm)

6. DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
One big cavity for digestion and circulation = Gastrovascular cavity
Only one opening- in and out through mouth

7. MOUTH in middle on VENTRAL SURFACE

8. NERVOUS SYSTEM
CEPHALIZATION- CEREBRAL GANGLIA with 2 VENTRAL NERVE CORDS

9. REGENERATION
(Ability to regrow lost body parts)

10. REPRODUCTION HERMAPHRODITES- Sexual reproduction with partner
Can also use REGENERATION for ASEXUAL reproduction

11. FLATWORMS PLANARIA Free living
Digestive cavity with one opening/mouth in middle of body
Open circulatory system (shared Gastrovascular cavity)
Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water
Cephalization-Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction (asexual reproduction using regeneration)
Eye spots sense light and dark
No protective covering

12. FLATWORMS FLUKES

13. DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY, NERVOUS, & EXCRETORY
Similar to Planaria

14. MOUTH at anterior end
SUCKERS (anterior and ventral) help it hold on and suck blood

15. REPRODUCTION
COMPLICATED LIFE CYCLES need 2 hosts to complete life cycle
EX: BLOOD FLUKE
Adult-human larva-snails
Most HERMAPHRODITES- Sexual reproduction with partner

16. FLATWORMS FLUKES Flattened leaf shape
Digestive cavity with one opening /mouth at anterior end
Open circulatory system (Gastrovascular cavity)
Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water
Cephalization -Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
NO Eyes
Parasitic with 2 suckers (anterior & ventral) for attaching to host
Requires 2 hosts to complete life cycle
TEGUMENT for protection from host

17. FLATWORMS TAPEWORMS
Dog tapeworm

18. EXCRETORY & NERVOUS similar to other flatworms
NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Absorbs nutrients through its tegument

19. SCOLEX with hooks and suckers at anterior end to help worm attach and hold on

20. REPRODUCTION
COMPLICATED LIFE CYCLES need 2 hosts to complete life cycle
EX: BEEF TAPEWORM
Adult-human larva-cow
HERMAPHRODITES- Proglottids exchange sperm between different worms or within same worm

21. REPRODUCTION
Adults produce hermaphroditic reproductive segments containing eggs that are released in feces called PROGLOTTIDS

22. FLATWORMS TAPEWORMS
NO digestive system/nutrients absorbed through tegument
Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water
Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
Parasitic with hooks & suckers (scolex) for attachment in host
Tegument for protection from host immune system and digestive juices
Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction Use PROGLOTTIDS to reproduce
No Eyes

23. ROUND WORMS Ex: Ascaris
Digestive system - Complex with 2 openings
Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water
Cephalization-Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
Sexual reproduction with separate sexes- male and female
No eyes spots
CUTICLE- for protection from host digestive juices and immune system
Most are parasitic

24. SEGMENTED WORMS Earthworms & Leeches
Cephalization cerebral ganglia with 1 ventral nerve cord
Closed circulatory system
Nephridia excrete nitrogen waste and regulate water
Complex digestive system with 2 openings
CUTICLE- for protection
Hermaphrodites- Sexual reproduction with a partner
Most free living/Leeches only parasitic group