1. Nematodes (Roundworms) Picture (SEM): Soybean Cyst Nematode

2. ROUNDWORMS Nematodes (Nema = Thread) In this lesson you will learn about: 1.New levels of complexity in Animalia 2.General body plan 3.Lifestyles (Parasitic vs Free-living) 4.Impact on the world (good and bad) 5.And have seen one in real life!

3. ROUNDWORMS Kingdom Animalia – Phylum Nematoda -Unsegmented worms -Pseudocoelom ("false coelom") - Digestive system has two openings with mouth and anus.

4. Body Plan Progression - Coelom

5. Digestive tract (2 openings): one way with a mouth & anus Feeding: Free-living - predators Parasites – feed on humans and animals Reproduction: Sexual Separate sexes (male & female)

6. Interesting Facts About Nematodes Success: They are the most numerous of all multicellular animals. Ecological Significance: They are found in nearly all parts of the earth and are an important part of food chains and soil health. Parasite Success: ¼ of the world is infected with hookworm! (a roundworm intestinal parasite)

7. Nematode Life Function Strategies Respiration: Diffusion, through the tissues and cuticle (skin) Digestion: One way digestive tract (simplified version of the one we have) Reproduction: Sexual, most nematodes are either male or female. Movement: Long muscles attached to the cuticle contract to cause coordinated twisting and thrashing.

8. Similarities to Platyhelminthes Bilateral Symmetry What is bilateral symmetry? What might be one advantage? Cephalization What is cephalization? What might be an advantage?

9. General Body Plan of Roundworms

10. The Bad and The Ugly Filarial Worms – found in Tropical regions – causes elephantiasis Hookworm – Infects almost 25% people in the world!

11. Research on C. elegans (MODEL ORGANISM) first organism to have DNA completely sequenced It is a very simple, free living roundworm They have a fixed number of cells. You can track the history of every cell in the body! Why Nematodes are Great!

12. How can we beat parasites? IDEAS?