1. Dawn of Mass Culture

2. American Leisure With a little extra $$ & time, people looked for things to do Amusement parks started it – Cities started with enhanced parks in the city – Trolley companies opened parks near end of lines to boost membership

9. Toledo’s Amusement Parks – White Park (Auburn Ave) – Bay View Park & Casino (Summit) – Vollmar’s Park (Grand Rapids) – Cedar Point

10. Toledo’s biggest moment – 7/4/1919: Jack Dempsey wins HW belt over Jess Willard at Bay View. Reporters from around country cover it.

12. Spectator Sports Boxing – Most popular sport in America – One of few sports blacks & whites participated in together – Jack Johnson 1st black champ – Drew 1000s to every match

13. Baseball – 1869: Cincinnati Red Stockings 1st professional club – 1903: 2 leagues, NL & AL, play ‘World Series’ – 1884 Toledo Mud Hens have 1st Black pro player, Moses Fleetwood Walker

15. Newspapers Had been only for the rich 1883: Joseph Pulitzer buys NY World; adds sports section & comics 1895: W.R. Hearst buys NY Journal to rival Pulitzer. Both try to out-do the other

16. Hearst carries stories of big scandals, hypnotists, even fake story from Mars!

17. Shopping! 1st shopping mall, The Arcade, opens in Cleveland, 1890. 4 levels of stores

19. Department store: 1865, Marshall Field’s opens in Chicago - Idea is to “give the lady what she wants.” -1st chain store is Woolworth’s, with 600 stores by 1911. -Toledo’s big stores were Lion Store & Tiedtke’s

22. Catalogs – Sears & Roebuck sends “shopping book” to people in rural areas – Only able to do it because “Rural Free Delivery” (RFD) introduced to finally get mail to farms