2. AdenineRibose3 Phosphate groups ATP Adenosine ATP Structure ATP = Adenosine TriPhosphate High Energy Bonds

3. ADPATP Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + PhosphateAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery Section 8-1 Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery ATP-ADP Cycle

4. Energy Flow Chart PLANTS BY PHOTOSYNTHESIS In the bonds of GLUCOSE ALL ORGANISMS BY CELL RESPIRATION In the bonds of ATP active transport Muscle contraction Protein synthesis DNA synthesis Cell division ALL OF LIFE’s PROCESSES!!!

5. Water O2O2 Sugars CO 2 Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle NADPH ATP ADP + P NADP + Chloroplast Photosynthesis: An Overview Light

6. Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b VBGYOR Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a Section 8-2 Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption

7. Photosynthesis occurs in 2 steps Step 1 -The Light Dependent Reactions (requires sunlight; has to happen in daytime) Step 2 - The Calvin Cycle or the Light INDEPENDENT Reactions (does not require sunlight; can happen any time of day)

8. Step 1 – Light Dependent Rxns What happens: light energy is absorbed, water molecules are broken Where: in the thylakoid of the chloroplast Chemically speaking: 2H 2 O ---> 2H 2 [which goes to next step] and O 2 [given off as waste]

9. Step 2 - the Calvin Cycle (the light INdependent reactions) What happens: glucose is produced Where: in the stroma of the chloroplast Chemically speaking: CO 2 and H 2 combine to form sugar C 6 H 12 O 6

10. Photosynthesis includes of take place in takes place in uses to produce use Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle Thylakoid membranes StromaNADPH ATP Energy from sunlight ATPNADPHO2O2 Chloroplasts High-energy sugar Photosynthesis Concept Map NOTICE THIS… goes into the atmosphere! goes into plant roots, for ex. Write the complete chemical reaction here… reactants and products 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 → 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6

11. Photosynthesis (visualized) Sugars + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O thylakoid membrane stroma chloroplast

12. Cellular Respiration Process by which potential/chemical energy in glucose is TRANSFERRED... The large amount of energy in glucose is “repackaged” in the bonds of ATP …to ATP!

13. Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration: An Overview Go to Section:

14. The 4 steps of aerobic respiration: (inluces glycolysis + cell respiration) Step 1: Glycolysis Step 2: Pyruvic Acid Breakdown Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) Step 4: Electron Transport Chain

15. Step 1: Glycolysis What: a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules; 2 ATP s are used, 4 are produced Where: in the cytoplasm [outside the mitochondrion] Chemically speaking: CCCCCCCCC ATP CCC

16. Step 2: Pyruvic Acid Breakdown Where: through the membranes of the mitochondrion What: the three-carbon molecules are broken into two-carbon molecules Chemically speaking: CCCCC C ATP CCC C CO 2 waste CC

17. Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) Where: in the matrix of the mitochondrion (the liquid) What: the two-carbon molecules are broken into one-carbon molecules Chemically speaking: CC C ATP CO 2 waste CC C C C

18. Step 4:Electron Transport Chain (ETC) What: energy from Step 3 is used to pass electrons down a cascade; the final electron acceptor is OXYGEN Where: in the inner-membrane folds of the mitochondrion (cristae) Chemically speaking: ATP O2O2

19. Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement ATP Production ATP synthase Channel Inner Membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Mitochondrion

20. Cell Respiration includes of take place in takes place in uses to produce uses Section 8-3 Concept Map Cell Respiration Concept Map goes into atmosphere Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Membranes (cristae) glucose glycolysis Krebs, Electron Transport Chain 2 ATP 36 ATP! (total) Carbon dioxide, water pyruvic acidelectrons pyruvic acid, electrons oxygen NOTICE THIS… Write the complete chemical reaction here… reactants and products 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 → 6H 2 O + 6CO 2

21. Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation Alcoholic or lactic acid Chemical Pathways for Cell Respiration Go to Section: Without oxygen With oxygen Which pathway makes more ATP—with oxygen or without? Why would a cell have the other option, then?

22. Notice the contrast... Photosynthesis loc: needs: makes: Cell Respiration loc: needs: makes: chloroplastsmitochondria energy (light), CO 2 and water energy (ATP), CO 2 and water oxygen and glucose