1. Copyright 2005-2008, Scott Gray1 Participles, Part 1 - Aorist Tense Forms in the Active and Middle

2. Copyright 2005-2008, Scott Gray2 Participles in Aorist Tense  Mostly alike the present tense participles  The key difference lies in the relative time expressed Present tense participles occur at the same time as the main verb Aorist participles convey action prior to the main verb

3. Copyright 2005-2008, Scott Gray3 Aorist Participles, cont.  Your book says to sometimes use “has” in rendering, but save that for the perfect tense  Mark well that the “aorist” and “present” part of the participle (the tense) still carries the specification of type of action – aorist expresses punctilliar action, present expresses linear action

4. Copyright 2005-2008, Scott Gray4 Aorist Participle Forms  May be built on the second aorist stem, in which case the present endings are used  May be built on the present stem, with aorist participle endings – no augment!  See book for paradigms

5. Copyright 2005-2008, Scott Gray5 Translation Helpers  Attributive (article): “the one who”  Predicate (anarthrous): Causal: “because” Attendant: “-ing” Temporal: “while” (pres.) or “after” (aor.) Concessive: “even though” Agrees with referent in case, gender, and number

6. Copyright 2005-2008, Scott Gray6 Translation Helpers, cont.  Time Sequence Present => same time as main verb Aorist  past main verb => pluperfect (force, not form)  present main verb => simple past  future main verb => present

7. Copyright 2005-2008, Scott Gray7 Homework  Read chapter 21  Memorize AAP & AMP paradigms  “Become familiar with” the vocabulary  Do the Greek to English translation exercises  Optional: English to Greek  Bible translation