1. PERFECT TENSE PAGES 87-96 Lesson XII & XIII

2. Perfect Tense We’ve already learned the present and the future tenses. The present tense refers to what is happening CURRENTLY, and uses the first principal part for the first person singular and the second principal part to form the stem for the rest. The future tense refers to something that WILL happen, and uses the second principal part to form its stem. e.g. “We are fighting” or “pugnamus” is present tense. “We will fight” or “pugnabimus” is future tense.

3. Perfect Tense The PERFECT TENSE refers to a single event that happened in the PAST. exempli gratia We have looked at the road. The teacher taught the girls. Did the Romans fight in Gaul?

4. Perfect Tense In Latin, the PERFECT TENSE uses the THIRD PRINCIPAL PART to form its stem. exempli gratia The perfect stem for specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus is spectav-. The –i is the first person singular ending in the perfect tense and is removed to create the stem.

5. Perfect Tense The PERFECT TENSE also has its own set of ENDINGS. SingularPlural 1 st Person-i-imus 2 nd Person-isti-istis 3 rd Person-it-erunt

6. Perfect Stem To CONJUGATE a word in the perfect tense, use the perfect stem (from the third principal part), take off the –i, and add the endings. exempli gratia Conjugate augeo, augere, auxi, auctus in the perfect tense: SingularPlural 1 st Personaux-iaux-imus 2 nd Personaux-istiaux-istis 3 rd Personaux-itaux-erunt

7. Perfect Stem There are three possible ways to translate the perfect tense. SingularPlural 1 st Person portav-i = I carried, I have carried, I did carry portav-imus = we carried, we have carried, we did carry 2 nd Person portav-isti = you carried, you have carried, you did carry portav-istis = y’all carried, y’all have carried, y’all did carry 3 rd Person portav-it = he carried, she has carried, it did carry portav-erunt = they carried, they have carried, they did carry

8. Perfect Tense Conjugate the following verbs in the perfect tense on a separate sheet of paper. laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus mereo, merere, merui, meritus habeo, habere, habui, habitus

9. Servi (pg. 92) Servi Romani erant capitivi.

10. Servi (pg. 92) Romani multis pugnis singulas terras occupaverunt,

11. Servi (pg. 92) et magnus erat numerus captivorum.

12. Servi (pg. 92) Captivos e Graecia, e Gallia, ex Asia, ex Africa in Italiam moverunt.

13. Servi (pg. 92) In familia Romana erant multi servi, boni et mali.

14. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) socius, socii (m.)

15. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) captivus, -i (m.)

16. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) cena, -ae (f.)

17. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) medicus, -i (m.)

18. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) mensa, -ae (f.)

19. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) altus, -a, -um

20. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) barbarus, -a, -um

21. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) singuli, -ae, -a (always plural)

22. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) ambulo, -are, -avi, -atus

23. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) voco, -are, -avi, -atus

24. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) evoco, -are, -avi, -atus

25. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) libero, -are, -avi, -atus

26. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) mereo, merere, merui, meritus

27. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus

28. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) moveo, movere, movi, motus

29. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) a, ab (+ abl.)

30. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) de (+ abl.)

31. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) e, ex (+ abl.)

32. Vocabulary (pg 86 & pg 95) cur

33. Assignments Make flashcards for vocabulary on pages 86 and 95. Translate Servi on page 92. Complete Exercises A 1-4 and B 1-3 on page 89. Complete Exercises A 4-6 and B 3-4 on page 94.