1. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS PV COOLING SYSTEMS DESIGN, REALISATION, TESTS, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOW ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION PV COOLING SYSTEMS COSTIC Comité Scientifique et Technique des Industries Climatiques Eric MICHEL Enerbuild Participant number : 37

2. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS PROJECT PARTNERS COSTIC - France Technical co-ordinator EUREC - Belgium Administrative co-ordinator ALPES FROID - France Manufacturer of prototypes UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - Greece Modelling and testing of the buried pipes prototype CIEMAT - Spain Modelling and testing of the evaporative air cooler prototype APEX - France Manufacturer of PV generator

3. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS PROJECT OBJECTIVE To develop two low electric consumption cooling systems for small or medium buildings well adapted for photovoltaic with ratio of performance (Frigorific power/Electrical power) higher than 20 : PV buried pipes system PV evaporative air cooler system Type of buildings : Surface : from 50 to 250 m² Tertiary sector - little and medium dwelling

4. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS PV Buried pipes system PV Evaporative air cooler system Adapted for a hot and wet or dry climate Adapted for a hot and dry climate TWO SYSTEMS STUDIED

5. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS BACKGROUND Existing cooling systems : Conventional heat pump with ratio of performance (Frigorific power/Electrical power) about 2 to 3 Systems like buried pipes and evaporative air cooler have been tested in the case of application in 220 V A.C (with ratio about 6 to 10) but are not well adapted for photovoltaïc.

6. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS PROGRAMME OF THE PROJECT The programme of this research project has been the following one : Definition of needs Design of air cooling devices Manufacturing of prototypes Tests of prototypes in laboratory Experimental study of prototypes under real conditions of use Analysis and comparison of different systems Synthesis

7. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS TESTS IN LABORATORY : Performance for an installation of three buried pipes WITH AIR FLOW [1100 m³/h] AND FAN POWER 245 [W] Inlet temperature [°C]Outlet temperature [°C]Ground temperature [°C] 302018 14,7 352018 20,8 402018 27 Pf/Pe Pf = Frigorific power Pe = Electric power

8. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS TESTS UNDER REAL CONDITIONS PV buried pipes tested in Athens Main results concerning all cooling season : Average ratio : Pf/Pe = 18 Maximum ratio : Pf/Pe = 35

9. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS OPTIMAL DATA FOR A BURIED PIPES INSTALLATION

10. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS + : Indoor temperature with cooling x : Indoor temperature without cooling : Outdoor temperature PV BURIED PIPES COUPLED WITH OFFICE BUILDING IN MADRID (60M²) PV surface : 5 m 2 ; 500 Wp Pipe number : 3 Lenght pipe : 50 m

11. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS DETERMINATION OF THE BURIED PIPE SIZING AND THE PV SUPPLY

12. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 : Heat and dry air 4 : Fan 2 : Cool and wet air 5 : Storage water 3 : Humidification plate 6 : Water pump PRINCIPLE OF PV EVAPORATIVE AIR COOLER

13. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS TESTS IN LABORATORY : Performance for an installation of evaporative air cooler Outside air température = 40°C ; Hygrometry = 25%

14. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS TESTS UNDER REAL CONDITIONS PV evaporative air cooler tested in Madrid Main results for a sunny day in August : Average ratio : Pf/Pe = 43 Maximum ratio : Pf/Pe = 110

15. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS DETERMINATION OF THE EVAPORATIVE AIR COOLER SIZING AND THE PV SUPPLY

16. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS CONCLUSION These cooling techniques can be used in developing countries and Mediterranean countries. With these systems, it could be possible to cool premises such as little office buildings or dwellings. The ratio of performance can exceed the value of 20. A financial study showed that investment costs of conventional systems compared to the investment costs of the new devices developed during the programme are rather equal

17. COSTIC - Programme PV COOLING SYSTEMS Along the hot season, these systems only allow to reduce the temperature inside the premises of 3 to 4 K compared to the situation without any conventional air conditioning systems. For instance in the south of France it is possible to reach the comfort conditions during about 80 to 90 % of summer. Proposition of an accompanying measure to achieve demonstration programme and design guidelines CONCLUSION