1. How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show”, or simply press F5 on the top row of your keyboard. To advance to the next slide click the left mouse button once. From the Chapter screen you can click on any section to go directly to that section’s presentation. Blank or “missing” areas of a slide will remain hidden until the left mouse button is clicked. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

2. Circulation and Respiration Chapter 23 Section 1: The Cardiovascular System Section 2: Blood Section 3: The Lymphatic System Section 4: The Respiratory System Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

3. The Cardiovascular System Section 1 Bellringer In 2–3 minutes, list as many song titles and lyrics as you can that contain the word heart. What ideas are associated with the heart? Why do you think the heart is part of so many songs? Write your answers in your science journal. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

4. The Cardiovascular System Section 1 Objectives List four main parts of the cardiovascular system, and describe their functions. Describe the two types of circulation of blood in the body. List four cardiovascular problems. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

5. The Cardiovascular System Section 1 Your Cardiovascular System Main Components of the Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the three types of blood vessels that carry blood throughout your body. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Cardiac Muscle Your heart is an organ made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue. It is about the size of your fist and is almost in the center of your chest cavity. The next slide shows the flow of blood through the heart. The Heart End of Slide

6. The Flow of Blood Through the Heart Section 1 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

7. The Cardiovascular System Section 1 Blood Vessels Arteries A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is an artery. Capillaries A capillary is a tiny blood vessel that allows these exchanges between body cells and blood. Veins A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

8. The Cardiovascular System Section 1 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Pulmonary Circulation This circulation of blood between your heart and lungs is called pulmonary circulation. Systemic Circulation The circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body is called systemic circulation. Both systemic and pulmonary circulation are illustrated on the next slide. Two Types of Circulation End of Slide

9. The Flow of Blood Through the Body Section 1 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

10. The Cardiovascular System Section 1 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Artherosclerosis Atherosclerosis happens when cholesterol builds up inside of the blood vessels. High Blood Pressure Atherosclerosis may be caused by abnormally high blood pressure. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk of a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, and stroke. Heart Attacks and Heart Failure A heart attack happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damaged. Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. Cardiovascular Problems End of Slide

11. Blood Section 2 Bellringer What does blood do? List as many functions of blood as you can think of in your science journal. Think about the following phrase: "Blood is thicker than water." Have you ever heard someone use this phrase? What do you think it means? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

12. Blood Section 2 Objectives Identify the four main components of blood. Describe three functions of blood. Explain how blood pressure is measured. Explain what the ABO blood types are and why they are important. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

13. Blood Section 2 What Is Blood? Plasma Plasma is a mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins, and other substances. Red Blood Cells Most blood cells are red blood cells, or RBCs. RBCs take oxygen to every cell in your body. Platelets Platelets are pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow. They help blood clot. White Blood Cells White blood cells, or WBCs, help keep you healthy by destroying pathogens. WBCs also help clean wounds. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

14. Blood Section 2 Body Temperature Regulation Turn Up the Heat Your blood does more than supply your cells with oxygen and nutrients. It also helps regulate your body temperature. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. The Pressure Is On The force exerted by blood on the inside walls of arteries is called blood pressure. Blood Pressure End of Slide

15. Blood Section 2 Blood Types What Type Are You? Every person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Replacing Blood A transfusion is the injection of blood or blood components into a person to replace blood that has been lost because of surgery or an injury. Blood type is an important consideration of a blood transfusion. Blood Types and Transfusions End of Slide

16. The Lymphatic System Section 3 Bellringer Do you know anyone who has had their tonsils removed? Do you know what tonsils do or where they are located in the body? If so, write a few sentences explaining their function. If you don’t know what the tonsils are for, make an educated guess about their role in the body. Write your response in your science journal. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

17. The Lymphatic System Section 3 Objectives Describe the relationship between the lymphatic system and the circulatory system. Identify six parts of the lymphatic system, and describe their functions. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

18. The Lymphatic System Section 3 Vessels of the Lymphatic System Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Lymph Capillaries The smallest vessels of the lymphatic system are lymph capillaries. Lymph capillaries absorb some of the fluid and particles from between cells. End of Slide

19. The Lymphatic System Section 3 Other Parts of the Lymphatic System Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Bone Marrow Bone marrow is where most red and white blood cells, including lymphocytes, are produced. Lymph Nodes Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped masses of tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph. Thymus The thymus is the gland that produces T cells that are ready to fight infection. End of Slide

20. The Lymphatic System Section 3 Other Parts of the Lymphatic System continued Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Spleen Your spleen is the largest lymphatic organ. The spleen stores and produces lymphocytes. Tonsils Tonsils are lymphatic tissue in the nasal cavity and at the back of the mouth on either side of the tongue. Tonsils help defend the body against infection. End of Slide

21. The Respiratory System Section 4 Bellringer Explain whether the following statements are true or false: 1) Breathing and respiration are the same thing. 2) The nose is the primary doorway into and out of the respiratory system. 3) The vocal cords are located in the trachea. Record your answers in your science journal. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

22. The Respiratory System Section 4 Objectives Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Describe the parts of the respiratory system and their functions. Explain how breathing happens. Discuss the relationship between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Identify two respiratory disorders. End of Slide

23. The Respiratory System Section 4 Respiration and the Respiratory System Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx Your nose is the main passageway into and out of the respiratory system. From the nose, air flows into the pharynx, or throat. The larynx is the part of the throat that contains the vocal chords. Trachea The larynx guards the entrance to a large tube called the trachea, or windpipe. Bronchi and Alveoli The trachea splits into two branches called bronchi. One bronchus connects to each lung. In the lungs, each bronchiole branches to form thousands of tiny sacs that are called alveoli. End of Slide

24. The Respiratory System Section 4 Breathing The Diaphragm Breathing is done by the diaphragm and rib muscles. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Oxygen In cellular respiration, oxygen is used by cells to release energy stored in molecules of glucose. When you breathe, you take in oxygen. Oxygen diffuses into red blood cells and is carried to tissue cells. This process is illustrated on the next slide. Breathing and Cellular Respiration End of Slide

25. The Role of Blood in Respiration Section 4 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

26. The Respiratory System Section 4 Respiratory Disorders Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Difficulty Breathing Respiratory disorders include asthma, emphysema, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). End of Slide

27. Circulation and Respiration Chapter 23 Concept Map Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: arteries, cardiovascular system, bronchi, alveoli, capillaries, respiratory system, cellular respiration, blood.

28. Concept Map Chapter 23 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

29. Concept Map Chapter 23 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.