2. CONCEPTS EXPLORED IN THIS LESSON 1)The Discovery of the Cell (7.1) 2)Cell Theory (7.1) 3)Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes 7.1) 1)Cellular Requirements 2)Cell Regions 3)Structures in a General Plant Cell 4)Structures in a General Animal Cell 5)Structures in Plant & Animal Cells 6)The Nucleus 7)The Cell Membrane 8)Mitochondria 9)Endoplasmic Reticula 10)Golgi Body, Vesicles and Vacuoles 11)Ribosomes 15)Cytoskeleton/Centrioles 16)Lysosomes 17)Central Vacuole 18)Cell Wall 19)Chloroplasts

3. Each one also has a singular circular ___________ as well as its own _________ ribosomes The singular for mitochondria is _____________. MITOCHONDRIA chromosome mitochondrion A mitochondrion is composed of: double membrane (smooth) (folded) which allow it to ___________. self-replicate

4. The main function of mitochondria is to produce ______ for the cell. The mitochondria are the _____________ of the cell. MITOCHONDRIA energy It converts _______________ Stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Power plants Chemical energy

5. which form ___-like and ____ -like structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is formed from a network of __________ ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough E.R. is called "rough" because it is embedded with _________. membranes tube sac Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum It is found extending from the ________________ surrounding the nucleus. ribosomes nuclear membrane

6. which form ___-like and ____ -like structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is formed from a network of __________ ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough E.R. is called "rough" because it is embedded with _________. membranes tube sac It is found extending from the ________________ surrounding the nucleus. ribosomes nuclear membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth E.R. is called "smooth" because does not contain _________. ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

7. Functions to synthesize ____. It is found extending from the ________________ surrounding the nucleus. Functions to synthesize/make _______. which form ___-like and ____ -like structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is formed from a network of __________ ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough E.R. is called "rough" because it is embedded with _________. membranes tube sac ribosomes nuclear envelope Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth E.R. is called "smooth" because does not contain _________. ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum fats proteins

8. GOLGI BODY, VESICLES and VACUOLES Golgi Body It resembles a stack of membrane "________". pancakes Also called the _____________. Golgi apparatus

9. It is responsible for ________ vesicles containing _______ from the _____, _________ these proteins, GOLGI BODY, VESICLES and VACUOLES Golgi Body It resembles a stack of membrane "________". R.E.R. pancakes Also called the _____________. Golgi apparatus and then _________ them either within: receiving proteins processing packaging Vesicles Vacuoles for ________. for ______. transport storage Lysosomes for…Find out later.

10. as well as bound to _________________________. In prokaryotes, they are found ____ in the cytoplasm. RIBOSOMES Each ribosome is composed of two _______ subunits mixed with _____. protein In eukaryotes, they are found ____ in the cytoplasm free rough endoplasmic reticulum free rRNA

11. as well as bound to _________________________. RIBOSOMES In eukaryotes, they are found ____ in the cytoplasm free rough endoplasmic reticulum

12. in order to make ________. RIBOSOMES They function to assemble ___________ together amino acids proteins

13. CYTOSKELETON and made from different types of _______. as well as to _________ within the cytoplasm. It is the network of __________ found within all cells proteins scaffolding It is attached to the _____________ cell membrane organelles

14. It is composed of _____ main parts. CYTOSKELETON Two Threadlike structures that form an extensive, tough, flexible framework that supports the cell Microfilaments Microtubules Hollow structures that help the cell maintain shape

15. Also includes __________. CYTOSKELETON Centrioles Located near nucleus and helps organize cell division They come as a paired Centrioles

16. CYTOSKELETON The cytoskeleton is responsible for the __________ of the cell like: movements Cytoplasmic Streaming Movement of Organelles

17. CYTOSKELETON The cytoskeleton is responsible for the __________ of the cell like: movements Movement of Organelles The cytoskeleton is responsible for moving vesicles, vacuoles, ribosomes and other organelles around the cell.

18. CYTOSKELETON The cytoskeleton is responsible for the __________ of the cell like: movements Cytoplasmic Streaming The bulk movement of the _________. cytoplasm

19. These membrane sacs contain ________________ LYSOSOMES that can break down (digest) various substances. Lysosomes are formed from the _________. hydrolytic enzymes Golgi body

20. Used by ______________ to kill many engulfed bacteria at once. through the rupture of all lysosomes. LYSOSOMES Cell _____________ Lysosome fuses with vacuole and the _______ digest the food. Damaged _________ are digested by lysosomes. self-destruction organelles enzymes They have several important functions: Autophagy Digestion Autolysis Food particles are engulfed by the cell into a ___________. food vacuole white blood cells

21. that are made from ______ of microtubules. They are oriented ____________ to one another. Centrosomes are considered MTOCs, or __________ organizing centers. This is where microtubules are __________. CENTROSOMES and CENTRIOLES Within the centrosome, there are a ___ of cylindrical-shaped centrioles triplets synthesized perpendicular microtubule pair Centrosome Centrioles

22. which is used to move ____________ during cell division. and the two pairs are responsible for the formation of the ____________ Each non-dividing cell has ___ pair of centrioles. However, for cell division, the centrosome ________ the pair, replicates one mitotic spindle chromosomes that are made from ______ of microtubules. They are oriented ____________ to one another. Within the centrosome, there are a ___ of cylindrical-shaped centrioles triplets perpendicular pair Centrosome Centrioles CENTROSOMES and CENTRIOLES Centrosomes are considered MTOCs, or __________ organizing centers. This is where microtubules are __________. synthesized microtubule

23. CENTRAL VACUOLE and often takes up the _______ of the cytoplasm of a plant cell. It is the ______ organelle within a plant cell, majority largest

24. CENTRAL VACUOLE This helps keep the cell _____ (firm). due to the volume of _____ within the vacuole. This is the __________ pressure pushing outwards on the cell It has two main important functions: water hydrostatic Turgor Pressure: Storage: turgid The vacuole functions to store _____ and _____ water waste

25. is located outside of the _____________, and is composed of a polysaccharide called ________. The cell wall in plants cellulose CELL WALL cell membrane

26. CELL WALL The cell wall has two main important functions: Support and Protection: Prevents Overexpansion: Cellulose is tough and rigid. The wall prevents _________________ from over-expanding the cell. hydrostatic pressure Cell wall fights back! is located outside of the _____________, and is composed of a polysaccharide called ________. The cell wall in plants cellulose cell membrane

27. Like mitochondria, they also have their own circular ___________ and _________ for _____________. (a stack of thylakoids; CHLOROPLAST ribosomes A chloroplast is composed of: double membrane (liquid inside inner membrane) (space inside thylakoid) (photosynthetic) (one photosynthetic membrane sac) chromosomeself-replication (links two grana; lamellae is plural) grana is plural)

28. and a green pigment called __________ CHLOROPLAST The main function of the chloroplast is to produce ______ for the plant cell in a chemical process called _____________. It uses ____________ and _____ as reactants, glucose It produces ______ and ______ as products. carbon dioxide water glucose photosynthesis oxygen Chemical formula for photosynthesis: +++ chlorophyll to capture the _______ needed to power the reaction. chlorophyll sunlight