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Migration As the Process of Care Exclusion Joanna Bielecka-Prus, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Poland [1] [1] Opracowanie w ramach projektu polsko - norweskiego – POLFAMIGRA Polish famale migrants and their familie a study of care deficyt.
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Context Political: Poland as a member of EU (2004); Demographic: low fertility rate -0,4; 1.32 children born/woman. Labour force: 18.22 million (2013 est.) Social: unemployment rate 14% Economic: average wage: average wage/month: 2730 PLN (896$) Minimal wage/month: 1240 PLN (407$) Gini Index: 34.1 (growing) EU: 30.6; Norway: 25,0
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Polish migrantion
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Main directions
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Research background Changes in family structure Significant role of grandparents Moral and legal obligations towards parents Stigmatization of mother leaving children behind Weak state support for parents (Moskal, 2012, Krzyżowski & Mucha 2012).
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Research question Is there a deficit of care (over the elderly and children) in a situation of female migration? In what areas? How will female migrants will participate in organizing care for their parents when they are unable to live on their own?
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Research methods Stage 1. A survey on female migrants will be conducted. Snowball sampling method have been employed. The criterion of sample selection will be having elderly parents/grandparents (65+) or underage children left behind. Stage 2. Stage 2 will contain partially structured interviews with migrants’ parents/grandparents aged 65+ in Poland, migrants’ children aged 12+ (junior high school and high school age) (N=50) and interviews with children care givers (N=50), social workers (20 interview) and school masters (10 interviews) and priests (20 interviews). Stage 3. In the final stage in-depth interviews (N=50) with female migrants in Norway will be conducted.
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Quantitative research: female in Norway Research in the process: N=162
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First coming to Norway %
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Reasons of leaving Poland %
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How long have you been in Norway? %
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Age of women
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Education
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What do they do in Norway? %
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Type of work
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OccupationWork in Norway
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Marital status
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Number of children average = 1,82
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Age of children
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Who do the children ask for help?
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Who helps?
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Living members of the family %
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Types of problems %
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% Do female help?
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Ways of helping in health problems
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Ways of helping in emotional problems %
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Housework problems %
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Help with housework
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Institutional help with housework
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State institutions Local Community Family
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Conclusons Typical Polish migrants in Norway: male and between 25 and 39 years old. A traditional male breadwinner. Women involved in migration chains Temporary migrants No significant changes in family roles High level of mistrust to Polish institutions Problem of stigmatization and gender discourse: I do not want to be involved in any gender. Leave my alone, go away satan New area of deficit
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