1. The Urinary System

2. Function 1.Remove nitrogenous wastes 2.Maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance of blood 3.Homeostatic organ 4.Acts as blood filter 5.Release hormones: calcitriol & erythropoietin

3. Kidneys as Filters Kidneys filter 180 liters (50 gal) of blood/day 178-179 liters are reabsorbed back into blood Excrete a protein free filtrate

5. Nitrogenous Wastes ammonia urea uric acid

6. Organs of the Urinary System kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra

7. renal capsule renal cortex renal medulla renal pelvis renal pyramids ureter Kidney Anatomy

8. urine blood filtration tubular reabsorption and secretion Nephron Functioning “refreshed” blood

9. renal cortex renal medulla Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons and thousands of collecting ducts Collecting duct Loop of Henle PCT DCT Glomerulus

10. Glomerular Filtration afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule Filters blood; proteins can’t pass through

11. Composition of Glomerular Filtrate WaterWater Small Soluble Organic MoleculesSmall Soluble Organic Molecules Mineral IonsMineral Ions color- affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins

12. Odor- normal is ammonia-like diabetes mellitus- smells fruity or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels diabetes insupidus- yucky asparagus--- vegetarian diet- urine is alkaline protein rich and wheat diet- urine is acidic

13. Urinary Bladder ureters internal sphincters external sphincters urethra

14. Thank you. S.Karunakar Reddy,PGT Biology, A.P.R.SCHOOL(BC)GIRLS, KLKY.