1. Bacteria Bacteria: –are unicellular –are prokaryotic –have cell walls –are either autotrophic or heterotrophic

2. Bacteria Bacteria are divided into 2 kingdoms: –Archaebacteria: Most primitive of all organisms Require an oxygen-free environment Live in harsh environments (hot springs, Great Salt Lake, near deep ocean vents) –Eubacteria: Larger of the 2 kingdoms –Includes all bacteria you looked at in “Helpful/Harmful” activity Live almost anywhere (fresh and saltwater, on land, even on and in the human body) Some are photosynthetic

3. Bacteria Importance of bacteria: –Decomposers: break down and recycle decaying organic matter –Nitrogen fixers: live in plant roots where they change unusable nitrogen gas into compounds that plants need to grow –Human uses: used to clean up oil spills, produce foods (ex. yogurt), and even create vitamins inside the human body

4. Viruses Composed of DNA/RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid Viruses can only reproduce within a host cell Viruses fool host cell into allowing the viruses to enter the cell

5. Harmful effects of bacteria and viruses Both bacteria and viruses can cause disease –Bacterial diseases include: Lyme disease, tetanus, strep throat and tooth decay –Viral diseases include: common cold, the flu, AIDS, chicken pox, and West Nile

6. Protists (Kingdom Protista) Protists: –Are eukaryotes –Most are unicellular but some are multicellular –Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs –Are classified as being animallike, plantlike, or funguslike

7. Examples of animallike protists Amoeba - move via pseudopods or “false feet” Paramecium - move via cilia or small hairlike projections

8. Examples of plantlike protists Euglena - move via flagella and have no cell wall Diatoms - cell walls made of silicon (used to make glass) Dinoflagellates – many are luminescent and cause red tide breakouts

9. More examples of plantlike protists Red algae, brown algae, and green algae

10. Examples of funguslike protists Slime molds – play key role in recycling organic matter Water molds – commonly thrive on decaying organic matter in water

11. The Kingdom Fungi Fungi: –Are eukaryotes –Most are multicellular but some are unicellular –Are heterotrophs (** unlike animals that ingest their food and then digest it, fungi secrete fluids that digest food outside their bodies and then absorb it) –Have cell walls made of chitin (is also found in exoskeletons of insects)

12. Examples of fungi Molds – like those found on bread Yeasts – unicellular fungi used for baking Mushrooms and shelf fungus Penicilium – used to make penicillin

13. Helpful/Harmful effects of fungi Fungi recycle nutrients by breaking down bodies and wastes of other organisms Parasitic fungi cause serious diseases to plants, animals, and humans –Corn smut, yeast infections, and athlete’s foot

14. Kingdom Protista Drawings You will draw the following 3 organisms, title each, label the parts listed below for each, and give a description of each labeled part under your drawings: –Amoeba (p. 500) – label all 4 parts listed –Paramecium (p. 501, MB 507) – label the lysosomes, contractile vacuoles, cilia and oral groove –Euglena (p. 507, MB 513) – label the eyespot, flagella, chloroplasts and contractile vacuoles