1. The Raw Materials of Biotechnology

2. Characteristics of Life Growth Reproduction Response to stimuli Respiration (breakdown of food) Waste production

3. Characteristics of Life Unicellular – Only one cell – Small; requires microscope to see – Asexual reproduction – Ex: bacteria Multicellular – 2 or more cells – Usually sexual reproduction – Specialized cells – Ex: animals and plants

4. Levels of Biological Organization Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organisms

5. All cells belong to one of the following:

6. Types of Cells Prokaryotic – “before nuclei” – Lack membrane bound nucleus – Circular DNA (plasmid) – Very small – Divide by binary fission – Usually have flagella – Ex: bacteria & cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

7. Types of Cells Eukaryotic – “true nuclei” – Membrane bound nucleus – Organelles – Double helix DNA – Larger – Ex: skin cell Picture of a Centric Diatom (from the protista kingdom) Picture of a Bread Yeast - S. cerevisiae (from the fungi kingdom)

8. Cells Used in Biotechnology Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells – Manipulated to produce different proteins than they would normally make by inserting genes from other organisms into CHO DNA – Ex: drug Epogen® boosts RBC production to treat anemia

9. Cells Used in Biotechnology Vero cells (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells) – Widely used to make vaccines HeLa cells (human epithelial cells) – Used for propagating and studying viruses; making vaccines

10. Cells Used in Biotechnology Assignment Page 65 (text book) STOP! You Cannot Use THOSE cells Alternatives to poster: – imovie – PowerPoint – Story book – Other