3. Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Section 1: The History of Classification Section 2: Modern Classification Section 3: Domains and Kingdoms

4.  Biologists use a system of classification to organize information about the diversity of living things.  Aristotle developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification. (Plants vs. animal)

5.  Caroleus Linnaeus’s system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy.  Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms, called binomial nomenclature, gives each species a scientific name with two parts.  The first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.

6.  Biologists use scientific names for species because common names vary in their use. Organizing Life’s Diversity Ursus americanus American black bear 17.1 The History of Classification Chapter 17

7.  A dichotomous key consists of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct identification of an organism  Shark ws  Cups lab

8.  The taxonomic categories used by scientists are part of a nested-hierarchal system.  Domain (fish, spiders, mushroom, cats)  Kingdom (fish, spiders, cats)  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

10.  Taxon (taxa) – named group of organisms  Genus – group of species that share a common ancestor

11.  An order contains related families. (carnivora: bear, human  A class contains related orders.  Mammalia: bear, human, cow  A phylum or division contains related classes.  Vertebrata: bear, human, fish, cow  The taxon of related phyla or divisions is a kingdom. (Animalia: bear, human, spider, butterfly, fish, cow  The domain is the broadest of all the taxa and contains one or more kingdoms. Example: Black Bear  Eukarya: bear, human, spider, lichen, butterfly, fish, cow  A family is the next higher taxon, consisting of similar, related genera. (Ursidae: polar bears, panda, black Genus: closely related species: Ursus: American Black, Sloth, Asiatic black Species: Ursus americanas: American Black Bear

12.  Did King Phillip Come Over For Green Soup?  Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

13.  The broadest category in the classification used by most biologists is the domain.  The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. 1. Domain Bacteria- Eubacteria (prokaryotes) are a diverse group that can survive in many different environments. black death

14. Photosynthetic eubacteria 3000x 9560x Eubacteria Archaebacteria magnification unavailable Bacteria and Viruses 18.1 Bacteria

15. 2. Domain Archaea- are thought to be more ancient than bacteria and yet more closely related to our eukaryote ancestors. -They are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments. 3. Domain Eukarya- All eukaryotes are classified in Domain Eukarya.  Domain Eukarya contains Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia…bacteria and archaea are missing

16.  Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.  A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in its environment.

17. 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms

18.  Could you design an experiment to determine the success of antibiotics versus bacterial growth? How?  Do drugs resist bacteria?drugs resist

19.  A virus is a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.  Viruses do not possess cells, nor are they cells, and are not considered to be living.  Because they are nonliving, they usually are not placed in the biological classification system.

20.  1 st virus must enter a host cell using receptors on the plasma membrane  2 nd The virus releases its genetic material into the hosts cytoplasm or the entire virus enters  3 rd the virus uses the bacteria’s remarkable reproducing ability to spread like wildfire  Malaria? Malaria?

21.  9 short answer questions  Classification system  Dichotomous Key  Taxonomic categories  Domains  Bacteria and antibiotics  Viruses and Prions  Eukarya kingdoms  Organization  Bacteria types

22.  Read your Book!!  17-1 review assignment › P 507 1-6, 8  17-3 review assignment › P 508 27-29, 31-32 Bacteria review assignment P 535 6,7,9 Questions – How do viruses work? Go through step by step and be able to explain it.