1. Slide 10.1 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Chapter 10 Attractions

2. Slide 10.2 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors This Lecture will give you 1.A review of the nature, purpose, and classification of attractions; 2.A discussion of the roles and responsibilities of the public and private sectors in respect of the development and management of tourist attractions; 3.A consideration of all issues associated with the management of attractions; 4.An analysis of environmental issues in respect of attractions; and 5.An evaluation of strategies that have been developed with a view to alleviating(decrease) environmental and visitor impacts of tourism at attractions.

3. Slide 10.3 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors The Nature and Purpose of Attractions Characteristics of attractions: –classification is possible along a number of different dimensions: ownership capacity market or catchment area permanency type natural man-made

4. Slide 10.4 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Figure 10.1 Clawson’s classification of recreation resources Source: Adapted from Clawson and Knetsch, 1966; Boniface and Cooper, 1987

5. Slide 10.5 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Figure 10.2 Classification of attractions

6. Slide 10.6 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors The Nature and Purpose of Attractions Natural attractions –Balance between the quality of the resource and its location –Generally fixed in supply –Limited provision of services –A question of optimal resource allocation –Land use decisions required

7. Slide 10.7 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors The Nature and Purpose of Attractions Natural attractions –Market failure and public provision Periodic use Conflict between private markets and public goods Consideration of wider social benefits Legislation or education to inform behavioural change –Managing the attraction resource Wider context of sustainable tourism development Use of ‘park and ride’ and ‘honeypot(flower)’ strategies

8. Slide 10.8 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Figure 10.4 Visitor access function

9. Slide 10.9 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors The Nature and Purpose of Attractions Man-made attractions –Products of history and culture –Historic buildings –Industrial sites –Speciality retail –Urban regeneration schemes (projects) –Entertainment attractions (theme parks)

10. Slide 10.10 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Figure 10.5 The attraction product

11. Slide 10.11 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Developing Attractions The attraction ‘Imagescape’ –The product concept or creativity of the design and its appeal The attraction-development process The market-imagescape mix –‘Me Too’ attraction development –‘Grand Inspiration’ attractions –‘New Version’ attractions –‘Wonder’ attractions

12. Slide 10.12 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Figure 10.6 The development process

13. Slide 10.13 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Figure 10.7 The attraction market-imagescape mix

14. Slide 10.14 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Managing Attractions (Bu kısmı gözden geçir iyi değil)Conditions for a national strategy include: (Bu kısmı gözden geçir iyi değil) –The situation where destabilising effects of a sudden massive injection of unanticipated capital into an already saturated market exists; –Where large, newly-opened projects are putting established attractions at a significant disadvantage; –Instances of major expenditure on other major urban regeneration projects;

15. Slide 10.15 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Managing Attractions (cont’d ) –Situations, where there is a steady decline of local authority annual revenue funding for traditional attractions; –Where the industry structure is one in which the great majority of attractions are small businesses; –Where there is a lack of management information and where the attractions sector is populated by more public, rather than private, attractions.

16. Slide 10.16 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Managing Attractions Seven key components of a national strategy 1.The collection and dissemination(spread) of effective research on a comparable basis covering both demand and supply aspects 2.Application of expertise to the analysis and communication of trends and their implications in terms that the majority of smaller attractions will be able to understand and respond;

17. Slide 10.17 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors 3.Advice, and perhaps support, on assessing quality of visits and providing customer assurance via benchmarking initiatives; 4.Collection and dissemination of good practice; 5.Co ordination of training and management development; 6.Greater influence over funding bodies and government; 7.Influence and advice to public sector bodies. Managing Attractions (cont’d) - -

18. Slide 10.18 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Managing Attractions Economic Aspects Issues of ownership –Public ownership –Voluntary organisations –Commercial / private operators Costs Pricing policy Managing people Managing seasonality Managing visitors

19. Slide 10.19 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Figure 10.10 Market orientation

20. Slide 10.20 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Table 10.1 Tourism in relation to the environment

21. Slide 10.21 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Environmental Impacts Regulation or market solutions –The ‘Polluter Pays’ principle Attraction authenticity

22. Slide 10.22 Cooper et al: Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3e Pearson Education Limited 2005, © retained by authors Conclusion Attractions are an integral - and important - component of the tourism product motivatorAttractions can serve as the sole ‘motivator’ for a visit to a destination supporting infrastructure and superstructureFor most attractions, a necessary supporting infrastructure and superstructure is necessary new visitor management and controlAttractions remain the focal point for new visitor management and control techniques Questions remain over who should be responsible for investing in the development and maintenance of resources which are enjoyed by so many different groups