1. Personality Disorders Those written in YELLOW are the ones you’ll need to know for the test.

2. Personality Disorders Inflexible thoughts, emotions, behaviors, that are stable over time and across situations, and deviate from the expectations of the individual’s culture Causes distress to one’s social life or to others. Unlike other disorders these last a lifetime and are hard to change.

3. Personality Disorders Personality disorders are evident in up to 15 % of the general population 10 personality disorders divided into 3 clusters: –Related to anxiety –With odd and eccentric behaviors –With dramatic or impulsive behaviors

5. Personality Disorders Related to Anxiety

6. Avoidant Personality Disorder Desires a relationship with others but so sensitive about being rejected that personal relationships become difficult Extremely shy, avoids people Afraid they’ll say or do something embarassing.

7. Dependent Personality Disorder Behave in clingy, submissive ways and displays a strong need to have others take care of them

8. Personality Disorders with Odd or Eccentric Behaviors

9. Paranoid Personality Disorder Pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others are the main characteristic –Distrustful even of close family and friends –Reluctant to form close relationships –Tend to blame others for their own shortcomings – Pathological jealousy in intimate relationships – Inappropriate outbursts of anger About 3 percent of the general population display this disorder, which occurs more frequently in men Not confused with reality so not a schizophrenic

10. Schizoid Personality Disorder No interest in relationships with other people Emotionally unresponsive Are true hermits, preferring life alone and avoiding intimate interactions at all costs No hallucinations or delusions so not schizophrenic.

11. Personality Disorders with Dramatic or Impulsive Behaviors

12. Borderline Personality Disorder Characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and marked impulsivity & s elf-destructive behaviors Intense fear of abandonment and emptiness Possible history of childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse 75% of diagnosed cases are women

13. Histrionic Personality Disorder Displays shallow, attention-getting emotions Goes to great lengths to gain others’ praise and reassurance.

14. Narcissistic Personality Disorder Exaggerates their own importance, aided by fantasies. Find criticism hard to accept, often reacting in rage or shame.

15. Antisocial Personality Disorder Used to be called psychopath or sociopath Persistent disregard for, and violation of the rights of others. - Has no conscience and shows no remorse Shows absolutely no concern for the rights or feelings of other people Manipulative, can be charming, can be cruel and destructive Blaming the victim for his or her own stupidity Occurs in approximately 6 percent of men and 1 percent of women Evidence often seen in childhood (conduct disorder) See NBC News video on psychopaths (2 min)NBC News video

16. Causes for Antisocial Personality Disorder

17. Psychological Causes of Antisocial Personality Psychoanalytic – Lack of guilt in antisocial person is due to a problem with their superego not working properly. –Research shows children harshly punished with little to no affection tend to lack a sense of guilt Learning – If children not reinforced for good behavior and only receive attention for bad behavior then they learn antisocial behavior. –Observational learning – children lacked a good role model to learn from Cognitive – Misinterpret other people’s behavior as threatening which allows them to justify treating others badly.

18. Biological Causes of Antisocial Personality Heredity - Adoption studies show children tend to be more antisocial if their biological parents were. Brain Scans show that their brain’s may process emotions differently

19. Dr. Robert Hare describes his EEG studies and later SPECT (single photon emission computerized tomography) studies on language processing by psychopathic persons, and reflects on what these results reveal about psychopathy. (7:13) The Mind of the Psychopath Click HERE to view or on the box to the right.HERE

20. The Murderous Mind PET scans illustrate reduced activation (less red and yellow) in a murderer's frontal cortex-a brain area that helps brake impulsive, aggressive behavior. (From Raine, 1999.)