2. ATC1 Air Traffic Control

3. ATC2 Purpose of ATC Safety — Conflict Avoidance — Separation of aircraft Visual Flight Rules Instrument Flight Rules Efficiency — Flow Control

4. ATC3 Each day an average of 5000 planes are airborne across the US between 9 AM and 6 PM

5. ATC4 While it may seem that the airspace is crowded, There is plenty of room over most of the US

6. Two Types of Flight Rules VFR — “See and Avoid” Requires minimum weather conditions –Cloud Clearance –Visibility ATC5 1000 feet above 500 feet below 2000 feet separation 3 miles

7. IFR — Instrument Flight Rules Positive Control (radar) provides separation Minimum distance and altitudes Allows flight “in the clouds” ATC6

8. 7 Airport Operations7 Flight Profile A. Pre-Flight B. Taxi C.Run-up D.Take-off H. Approach I. Landing J. Taxi K. Shutdown/Service E. Climb F. Enroute Cruise G. Descent

9. ATC8 ATC Facilities Control Tower 5 mi radius –Orderly departure and Arrival of A/C –650 Towers but 14,000 airports Terminal Radar TRACON – 20 mile –Provide seq of arriving and departing A/C Enroute Radar Nationwide –Track A/C during flight

10. ATC9

11. 10 Control Towers Provide safe, orderly and expeditious flow of traffic at airports. Towers may provide for separation of IFR aircraft in terminal areas.

12. Towered Airports ATIS CLNC Delivery Ground Tower Dep Airport Operations11

13. Airport Operations12 Airport Operations12 Flight Profile A. Pre-Flight B. Taxi C.Run-up D.Take-off H. Approach I. Landing J. Taxi K. Shutdown/Service E. Climb F. Enroute Cruise G. Descent 189

14. Radio Failure—Light Gun Signals Airport Operations13

15. Radar/Transponder ATC14 P.196

16. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System--TCAS Airport Operations15

17. Traffic Information System (TIS) Airport Operations16

18. Emergency Locator Transponder ELT Airport Operations17

19. Airport Operations18

20. Type of Airspace Determines requirement –Weather –Equipment –Pilot’s qualifications (Sport/Private/Instrument) ATC19 P.203

21. ATC20

22. ATC21 P.203

23. ATC22 Air Route Traffic Control Centers Provide air traffic service to A/C operating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace Principally during en route phase of flight

24. ATC23 Structure of ARTCC 22 Centers across the United States Radar tracks aircraft, identifies hazardous weather

25. ATC24 20 CONUS ATC Areas

26. ATC25 Albuquerque ARTC Center Sectors Albuquerque El Paso Phoenix

27. ATC26

28. ATC27 The ‘System’

29. ATC28 Tools of ATC-Communications Radar and Transponders Computers to aid in situational awareness Radio communications to A/C Land lines (phones to other facilities) Weather interpretation and tracking

30. ATC29 ARTS III Radar Scope

31. ATC30 Radar Information Block Created and controlled by the computer

32. ATC31 TRACON Approach/Departure Control Orderly flow in and out of major hubs (terminal areas) Distances of 5 to 20 miles

33. ATC32 Flow Control into Dallas

34. ATC33

35. ATC34

36. ATC35 See and Avoid Means keeping your eyes outside the cockpit for possible conflicting aircraft

37. ATC36 ATC helps assure a safe flight…but getting to the plane may be the most hazardous part of the flight.

38. Internet Apps Flight Aware.com LiveATC.com ATC Simulator http://www.atcsim.nasa.gov/ ATC37

39. ATC38

40. ATC39

41. ATC40

42. ATC41 Pilot Visits to Air Traffic Facilities Pilots are encouraged to visit air traffic facilities (Towers, Centers and FSSs) contact facility prior to visit –advise number of persons in group, –time and date and –primary interest of the group.

43. ATC42

44. ATC43

45. ATC44

46. ATC45 Many of the pictures shown in this presentation distort the separation because of telephoto lenses.