1. METALS By. Annabel Diong 8C

2. introduction In this power point I will be researching on 6 metals on the reactivity series, and conclude and explain the relationship between “the reactivity of the metal and when it was discovered” I would be writing up about them e.g. when was it discovered, who discovered it, how it was extracted, what are its uses, its relationship and its description.

3. REACTIVITY SERIES.

4. IRON. DISCOVERY DATE: 2500 - 3500 B.C. WHO DISCOVERED IT: G. A. Wainwright HOW WAS IT EXTRACTED: The first sources of Iron came from meteors, they smelted the iron began in Anatolia or the Caucasus. RELATIONSHIP: as you can see iron was discovered during 3500BC, compared to Sodium was discovered during year 1807. so you can see here that the less reactive metal is Iron, less reactive metals are usually found first because less reactive metals are nearer to the earths surface. example in a metals and acids lab, we placed iron into acid, and there were tiny bubbles rising to the surface, popping sounds, didn’t heat up alot and it doesn't float. And as you can see in the reactivity series above Iron is categorized as a metal that reacts with acids, meaning its quite reactive. USES OF THE METAL: Iron plays a big part in our daily lives, it is used to make almost everything around us, it is used to manufacture steel, it is used to make cars, trucks, airplanes, building structures, ships, computers, furniture, office supplies... and so on. Contiunue to next slide…..

5. IRON. DESCRIPTION: Iron is metallic, shiny, smooth, bright white metal that is soft, malleable, ductile and strong. Its surface is usually discolored by corrosion.

6. SODIUM DISCOVERY DATE: year 1807 WHO DISCOVERED IT: Humphry Davy HOW WAS IT EXTRACTED: It was extracted through the electrolysis of caustic soda. RELATIONSHIP: As you can see sodium was found quite recently, it is the most reactive metal on the reactivity series, and since it was discovered quite recently so that means that is it extremely reactive, because all reactive metals are usually found deep within the earth, therefore taking a much longer time to discover, it it categorized under metals that are soo reactive that it even reacts with water. USES OF THE METAL: Since it is such a highly reactive metal by itself it has only a few uses to it, Sodium is used by the body in order to regulate blood and body fluids. If the body is lacking this mineral the person can become sick and have muscle cramps. He or she may also feel dizzy or even have diarrhea. The kidneys ability to retain water will also be affected by this. Sodium is used in certain alloys in order to make their structure better. It is also used in soap as it is mixed with fatty acids. These soaps are harder than soaps that are made with potassium. Uses of sodium also include being used in order to make the surfaces of metals smoother and to make molten metals more pure. Sodium chloride is common salt and it is the most important compound involving sodium. Continue to next slide…..

7. SODIUM. DESCRIPTION: Sodium is a grey metal, it is shiny, and very soft it can be cut with a knife, In air they turn white in seconds, when exposed to water they generate hydrogen gas and explode in flaming balls of molten sodium.

8. Aluminum. DISCOVERY DATE: year 1825 WHO DISCOVERED IT: Hans Christian Oersted HOW WAS IT EXTRACTED: He extracted it by having anhydrous aluminum chloride react with potassium amalgam to produce a chunk of metal with properties similar to those of tin. RELATIONSHIP: Aluminum was found not long ago meaning its quite reactive, because the later the metal is found the more reactive it is, because more reactive metals are found deep within the earths surface. aluminum reacts with acids, there fore it is quite reactive. USES OF THE METAL: Aluminum is used excessively in the modern world, and the uses of this metal are extremely diverse. No other metallic element can be used in so many ways across such a variety of domains, like in the home, in transport, on land, sea and in air, and in industry and commerce. One of the most common end uses of aluminium is packaging, including drinks cans, foil wrappings, bottle tops and foil containers. it is also used to manufacture glass and is also used to make parts in airplanes, boats and ships and several car parts. it is used to make alot of household items like door knobs, kettles, window frames etc… (continue to next slide)

9. ALUMINUM DESCRIPTION: Aluminum it shiny and metallic, extremely light, the reason why it is so commonly used today.

10. Gold DISCOVERY DATE: it was discovered so early no one can verify WHO DISCOVERED IT: its discovery was so early that a discoverer could not be determined. HOW WAS IT EXTRACTED: The first step of the process of extracting gold is that is it mined from the earth, the extraction site can either be underground or at an open – pit. There are numerous ways you can extract gold, but the most popular and simple manual method is called Panning. Wide and shallow pans are filled with the sand and gravel that may contain gold, then water is added and the pans containing the gold are shaken, causing gold and the other, metals to separate, and since gold is a much denser metal than rock, it settles to the bottom of the pan Fast, and is removed from steam beds, often at the bend of a stream, or a bedrock bed of the stream. The weight of gold causes it to separate out of The water flow. This type of gold that is found in streams are called placer deposits. RELATIONSHIP: Gold was found such a long time ago, it was used even around during the early times of Christ, from this we can conclude that gold is not reactive at all, it is even one of the firsts metals on the reactivity series, it doesn’t react with anything. And since it is one of the first metals found it is not reactive, because the earlier metals are found means the closer they were to the earth, therefore easier to find, and metals close to the earth are less reactive. USES OF THE METAL: The main common use for Gold is making Jewelry 78% is sent to factories to manufacture jewelry, it is also used to make a wide range of electronic products and equipment e.g. computers, telephones, home appliances, building components and many more. It was used as a medium of exchange or money. It is also used as a alloy with other metals, because of gold beneficial and useful properties there are countless numbers of uses for it.

11. GOLD DESCRIPTION: Gold is shiny, is golden color, its quite heavy, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of electricity, its ductile and malleable and It can withstand very high temperatures.

12. LEAD DISCOVERY DATE: 6400 BC WHO DISCOVERED IT: - HOW WAS IT EXTRACTED: Lead is usually found in ore with zinc, silver and copper, and is extracted together with these metals. Most ores contain less than 10% of Lead. The main lead mineral is the sulphide ore Galena, which contains 86.6% lead (www.Wikipedia.com). There are a few steps to extractwww.Wikipedia.com Lead, and the first is concentration: The ore is concentrated by the froth floatation process. In this process lead sulphide ore is wetted by Pine oil, where impurities are wetted by water. The second step is Smelting: Smelting takes place in a Reverberate furnace: The concentrated ore is at a moderate temperature. The temperature is controlled by how much air supply is given. During roasting, the sulphide ore galena is partly oxidized to lead monoxide and partly to lead sulphate. 2PbS + 3O 2 → 2 PbO + 2SO 2 PbS + 2O 2 → PbSO 4 More of galena is then added. The temperature is raised therefore reducing air supply. Lead sulphide reacts with the Two oxidised products giving lead. PbS+2PbO → 3Pb+SO 2 PbS+PbSO 4 → 2Pb+2SO 2 During this process the roasting and smelting of the Lead ore are carried out in the same furnace but at two different temperatures. About 90% of lead is obtained as metal, the rest passes into slag. Lead is recovered from the slag by heating with lime and powdered coke.

13. LEAD RELATIONSHIP: Lead reacts with acids, and with oxygen. When Lead is exposed to air, it turns grey. Lead is quite reactive, it is slightly below the middle of the reactivity series. And from the date is was discovered you can conclude that lead is not very reactive. Because more reactive metals are found earlier because they are nearer to the surface of the earth, and the more reactive metals are found deeper within the earth. As compared to aluminum (year 1825) lead was found 4575 years before Aluminum, and aluminum is much more reactive than lead, it is higher in the reactivity series. USES OF THE METAL: Lead has a number of important uses that interfere with our daily lives, e.g. It is used to make the lead- acid battery used in cars, in PVC pipes which coat electrical wires, it is used to shield people from radiation from x-ray rooms, an electrode in the process of electrolysis and gutters.

14. LEAD DESCRIPTION: Lead is is a heavy, soft metal that is a solid at normal atmospheric and crustal pressures. (www.enotes.com). It tarnishes and turn dull when it becomes exposed to oxygen. lead is not a good conductor of electricity, heat, sound or other pressure vibrations. And it is ductile and malleable.www.enotes.com

15. Conclusion The question was “to find the relationship between the date of discovery of a metal and its reactivity.” And from my research you can conclude that the relationship between the discovery date of a metal and its reactivity is that the earlier a metal is found the less reactive It is, because less reactive metals are found closer to the earths surface therefore making it easier to dig up and find or extract, e.g. gold, it is least reactive metal on the reactivity series, and is was found such a long time ago that researchers cannot even verify who discovered it and when. And the more reactive metals are found deeper within the earth, therefore these metals were discovered much later, e.g. Sodium was found in year 1807, not so long ago, and this metal is highly reactive, so reactive it even reacts with water, in order to store this metal it has to be stored under oil.

16. Bibliograhpy http://www.globaltradelinks.in/images/products/Iron_ore.jpghttp:// mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/iron.htm http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_uses_of_iron http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron#Historyhttp://image.wistatutor.com/ content/metals-non-metals/metals-reactivity-series.jpeg http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080109144757AA6OJ9r http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/standard/chemistry/ images/reactivity_series.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium#History http://www.knowledgegalaxy.net/uses_of_sodium/uses_of_sodium.html http://news.softpedia.com/images/news2/High-Pressure-Makes-Sodium- Transparent-2.jpg http://periodictable.com/Elements/011/index.html http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/how-stuff-works/images/lead.jpg

17. BIBLIOGRAHPY http://www.whodiscoveredit.com/who-discovered-aluminum.html http://sam.davyson.com/as/physics/aluminium/site/uses.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/aluminum-uses-of-aluminum.html http://en.wikipedia.orgwikiFile:Aluminium-4.jpg http://ezinearticles.com/?How-is-Gold-Extracted?&id=3916673 http://www.blurtit.com/q604535.html http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Gold_mining#Panning http://www.monex.com/images/photos/prodGold01.jpg http://bullion.nwtmint.com/gold_uses.php http://www.buzzle.com/articles/uses-of-gold.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead#History http://www.tutorvista.com/chemistry/lead-ore http://wanttoknowit.com/who-discovered-lead/ http://www.enotes.com/earth-science/lead