1. Warm Up - Put HW on desk to be checked Copy following info into notebook Table of Contents – March 8 th Genetics Day 3 Notes – March 8 th Genetics Day 3 What genotype determines a specific phenotype? Common Mistakes Homozygous – 2 capital letters or 2 lower case letters Heterozygous – 1 capital and 1 lower case (cannot be 2 different letter, just different “cases”

2. Common Mistakes Homozygous – 2 capital letters or 2 lower case letters Heterozygous – 1 capital and 1 lower case (cannot be 2 different letter, just different “cases”

3. HW Review 1. We get our genes from our parents 2. Different versions of the same trait or gene 3. Using capital and lowercase letters. 4. Genotype = combination of alleles in our genes. TT 5. Phenotype = physical characteristic, brown eyes 6. Genotype is in your genes and represented by letters like PP, phenotype is what someone looks like, blonde hair. 7. Capital 8. Lowercase 9. A. Bb = Brown EyesB. bb = blue eyes

4. 10. ff 11A. Big earsB. Big ears 13A. ttB. Long tail 14. TTHhBBBb 15. hhrrdd

5. Twins Fraternal Twins – develop from 2 different eggs that have been fertilized by 2 separate sperm cells Different genotypes and phenotypes Look as different as siblings who were born at different times. Identical Twins – develop from one fertilized egg that splits into 2 identical embryos Look exactly alike Have the same chromosomes / DNA but not necessarily the same phenotypes

6. In palm trees, the allele for dark green leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for light green leaves (d) is recessive. If a palm tree has light green leaves, what GENOTYPE must it have? dd

7. QUIZ #17: REVIEW In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant. The allele for short plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant has the genotype tt, what would be the plant’s height PHENOTYPE? Short

8. Practice / Review Work on your own to complete the worksheet – both sides (15 min)

9. A. Phenotype > what you can see, blue eyes B. Genotype > combination of alleles in genes, bb 2. Describe the genotypes given (use your notes). The first two are already done. A. DD homozygous, dominant B. Dd _ heterozygous dominant C. dd - homozygous recessive D. ss – homozygous recessive E. Yy – heterozygous dominant F. WW - homozygous, dominant

10. 3. In humans, brown eye color (B), is dominant over blue eye color (b). What are the phenotypes of the following genotypes? In other words, what color eyes will they have? A. BB > Brown Eyes B. bb >Blue Eyes C. Bb> Brown eyes

11. In palm trees, the allele for dark green leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for light green leaves (d) is recessive. If a palm tree has light green leaves, what GENOTYPE must it have? dd

12. REVIEW In giraffes, the allele for brown spots (S) is dominant. The allele for black spots (s) is recessive. If a giraffe has black spots, what GENOTYPE must it have? ss

13. QUIZ #17: REVIEW In butterflies, the allele for long antennae (A) is dominant. The allele for short antennae (a) is recessive. If a butterfly has long antennae, what GENOTYPE must it have? AA or Aa

14. QUIZ #17: REVIEW In butterflies, the allele for long antennae (A) is dominant. The allele for short antennae (a) is recessive. If a butterfly has the genotype aa, what would be the butterfly’s PHENOTYPE? Short antennae

15. QUIZ #17: REVIEW In Labrador retrievers, the allele for yellow fur (Y) is dominant. The allele for black fur (y) is recessive. If a Lab has the genotype Yy, what would be the PHENOTYPE of the lab’s fur? Yellow fur

16. QUIZ #17: REVIEW In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant. The allele for short plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant has the genotype tt, what would be the plant’s height PHENOTYPE? Short

17. QUIZ #17: REVIEW INHERITED and ACQUIRED traits – what’s the difference? EXAMPLE? Inherited traits are determined by your genes (Example: height). Acquired traits must be LEARNED (Example: math).

18. QUIZ #17: REVIEW Eye shape Intelligence Hair color Hair length Accent (the way you speak) Attitude Smile Tattoos trade & grade Broken leg Face shape Diseases like HIV/AIDS or cancer Disorders like albinism or color- blindness Hair texture Cheek size

19. QUIZ #17: REVIEW What is an ALLELE? What do we use to represent alleles? Alleles are different versions of the same gene/trait. We use CAPITAL and lowercase letters to represent them!

20. QUIZ #17: REVIEW GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES – What’s the difference? EXAMPLES? Genotypes are combinations of your alleles (Example: Bb). Phenotypes are your physical characteristics (Example: blue eyes).

21. QUIZ #17: REVIEW DOMINANT and RECESSIVE alleles – What’s the difference? EXAMPLES? Dominant alleles always show up (Example: B=brown eyes). Recessive alleles only show up if there is NO dominant allele (Example: b=blue eyes).

22. QUIZ #17: REVIEW In apple trees, the allele for green apples (G) is dominant. The allele for red apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree produces red apples, what GENOTYPE must it have? gg

23. QUIZ #17: REVIEW In apple trees, the allele for green apples (G) is dominant. The allele for red apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree has the genotype GG, what would be the PHENOTYPE of the apples produced? Green

24. Bug Creation Lab to Practice what you have learned so far

25. P ROCEDURE FOR C REATING Y OUR B UGS a. White paper = Mom Traits b. Blue paper = Dad Traits

26. PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS 3. Record your pieces of paper in the first two columns on your data table. TraitMom (White Paper) Dad (Blue Paper) Offspring Dominant Or Recessive Heterozygous Or Homozygous Look Like? Wing # (R/r) _____ _____, ____ Body Segment # (T/t) _____ _____, ____ Antennae Length (Q/q) _____ _____, ____ Leg # (H/h)_____ _____, ____ Spots or Not Spots (N/n) _____ _____, ____

27. PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS 4. Combine the letters from both the mom and the dad in the “Offspring” column. TraitMom (White Paper) Dad (Blue Paper) Offspring Dominant Or Recessive Heterozygous Or Homozygous Look Like? Wing # (R/r) _____ _____, ____ Body Segment # (T/t) _____ _____, ____ Antennae Length (Q/q) _____ _____, ____ Leg # (H/h)_____ _____, ____ Spots or Not Spots (N/n) _____ _____, ____

28. 5. Decide is the offspring genotype is Dominant or Recessive and Heterozygous or Homozygous TraitMom (White Paper) Dad (Blue Paper) Offspring Dominant Or Recessive Heterozygou s Or Homozygous Look Like? Wing # (R/r) _____ _____, ____ Body Segmen t # (T/t) _____ _____, ____ Antenn ae Length (Q/q) _____ _____, ____ Leg # (H/h)_____ _____, ____ Spots or Not Spots (N/n) _____ _____, ____

29. P ROCEDURE FOR C REATING Y OUR B UGS Determine what your bug will look like using the following key. If your offspring has these letters It will look like this… RR or Rr 4 wings (2 on each side) rr 2 wings (1 on each side) TT or Tt 2 segments tt 3 segments QQ or Qq Long Antennae qq Short Antennae HH or Hh 3 legs on each side hh 4 legs on each side NN or Nn Spots nn No Spots

30. PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS 6. Using the key, write what your bug will look like in the last column. TraitMom (White Paper) Dad (Blue Paper) Offspring Dominant Or Recessive Heterozygous Or Homozygous Look Like? Wing # (R/r) _____ _____, ____ Body Segment # (T/t) _____ _____, ____ Antennae Length (Q/q) _____ _____, ____ Leg # (H/h)_____ _____, ____ Spots or Not Spots (N/n) _____ _____, ____

31. P ROCEDURE FOR C REATING Y OUR B UGS 7. Once your teacher approves what your bug should look like, you can get materials (paper and colors) 8. You can be creative, but it must follow the traits you said it would look like! 9. Write a biography about your bug 1. What is its name? 2. Where does it live? What does it eat? 3. What is it like?

32. D OES EVERYONE ’ S BUGS LOOK THE SAME ? Does everyone’s bugs look the same? The variety of bugs has to do with the different combinations that you pulled out of the bags. Not everyone pulled the same traits, so each bug looks different. Since we all have different parents, all of us look different too!

33. B Y THE END OF TODAY YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANSWER … How do humans inherit traits? How many chromosomes do humans inherit from each of their parents?