2. Learning goals... To explain the process of maintaining homeostasis through feedback loops and their components. You will show your understanding by... Presenting an explanation (diagramatic, written or kinesthetic) of thermoregulation

3. When things work... Honda COG Commercial

4. Homeostasis (pg. 334 – 341) homeostasis – constant physiological adjustments of the body, which maintain a relatively stable internal, fluid environment in response to external environment changes also known as dynamic equilibrium What happens to your body when you exercise?

5. body temperature increases O 2 levels being used up increased cellular metabolism evaporation of sweat to cool off heart rate increases to increase blood flow pancreas signals breaking down of biomolecules Where did the term come from? What happens when you exercise?

6. Homeostatic Control Three main components: 1. A monitor – senses state of system 2. A coordinating centre – receives incoming info about system and decides what the next steps should be 3. regulator – carries out the appropriate next step to keep system at homeostasis; receives signals from coordinating centre.

7. Q: What are the mechanism(s) in place that respond to a change in our environment? A: Feedback Loops

8. Feedback loops Positive feedback - a mechanism by which an output is enhanced Example: Contractions in childbirth: contractions stimulate oxytocin which stimulates more muscle contractions

9. Feedback Systems positive feedback (feed-forward) system progesterone decrease uterus endocrine system oxytocin increased contractions

10. Negative Feedback Mechanisms by which an output is diminished Any change from normal range of function is resisted in negative feedback. The change initiates responses that bring the function of the organ back to its normal range. Negative feedback loops require a Receptor, A Control Center, and Effectors.

11. Blood Pressure Example Blood vessels have receptors which can measure the resistance of blood flow against vessel walls The brain (control center) receives info about change in body’s internal conditions, sends out signals via nerves Effectors - the muscles, organs, and other structures that receive signals from the control center and respond to correct the deviation.

12. Feedback Systems negative feedback system blood pressure drops brain nerve pathway blood pressure rises heart rate increases arteries constrict

14. Thermoregulation Text pg. 338 - 341 Assignment: Explain the control of body temperature in terms of a feedback mechanism (positive or negative) Be prepared to present your answer

15. Weird Body Quirks Brain freeze “Ice cream headaches” happen when something cold touches nerves in the roof of the mouth, triggering blood vessels in the front of your head to constrict -- producing pain. Try this quick pain relief trick: Press your tongue to the roof of your mouth to warm it up.

16. Charley Horse These startling spasms and tightening in leg muscles can last a few seconds, even several minutes. While the cramps have no exact cause, dehydration, muscle overuse, and a lack of certain nutrients -- like potassium and calcium -- can be culprits. Walk around to relieve the pain, or shake your leg and stretch the muscle.