1. Chapter 1: Biology and You
Holt

2. Section 1: Themes of biology
Characteristics of Living organisms
Unifying Themes of Biology

3. Characteristics of living organisms
Organisms- living things, such as people, plants, and animals
Biology- study of life
Every living organism:
composed of one or more cells
Able to reproduce
Obtains and uses energy to run the processes of life

4. Properties of life Cellular organization Reproduction Metabolism
Homeostasis
Heredity
Responsiveness
Growth and development

5. Unifying Themes of Biology
Cellular structure and function
Reproduction
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Heredity
Evolution
Interdependence

6. Theme 1: Cellular Structure and function
All living things are made of one or more cells
Cells are highly organized, tiny structures with thin coverings called membranes
The smallest unit capable of all life functions
Single celled/ multicellular

7. Theme 2: Reproduction
Reproduction- the process by which organisms make more of their own kind from one generation to the next
An essential part of living

8. Theme 3: Metabolism
Metabolism- the sum of all of the chemical reactions carried out in an organism
Almost all the energy used by living organisms is originally captured from sunlight
Plants, Algae, Bacteria- Photosynthesis

9. Theme 4: Homeostasis
All living organisms must maintain a stable internal environment in order to function properly.
Homeostasis- the maintenance of stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment

10. Theme 5: Heredity Passing of traits to offspring from the parent
Gene- the basic unit of heredity (DNA)
Heredity- the passing of traits from parent to offspring
Mutation- a change in the DNA of a gene
Can cause cancer

11. Theme 6: Evolution
Evolution- Change in the inherited characteristics of species over generation
Species- a group of genetically similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring
Natural selection- survival of the fittest
Charles Darwin

12. Theme 7: Interdependence
A biological community is a group of interacting organisms
Ecology- branch of biology that studies the interactions of organisms with one another and with nonliving parts of their environment
Food webs

13. Section 1 Review
Identify the seven properties that all living organisms share.
Relate three of the seven major themes of biology to the life of a harp seal.
Name the very small, organized structure that is bound by membrane and that is the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms.

14. Section 1 Review (cont)
Define homeostasis and metabolism, and describe their differences.
If you find an object that looks like an organism, how might you determine if your discovery is alive?
The mutation that results in sickle cell anemia produces effects that are
A. Only harmful b. Only positive
C. Both harmful and positive
D. unimportant

15. Section 2: Biology in your World
Solving real world problems
Fighting diseases

16. Solving Real World Problems
Preserving the environment
Improving the food supply
Understanding the Human genome

17. Preserving Our Environment
More the 6 billion people live on Earth
How can this be a problem?

18. Improving food supply
Genetically engineered crops

19. Understanding the Human Genome
Hunam genome project
Genome- the complete genetic material contained in a individual
Contains 3 billion individual units

20. Aids Cancer Emerging diseases Gene Therapy
Fighting Disease
Aids
Cancer
Emerging diseases
Gene Therapy

21. AIDS A fatal disease caused by HIV
HIV- a virus that attacks and destroys that human immune system
Transmitted by contact with body fluids from an infected person
No vaccine presently

22. Cancer A growth defect in cells
A breakdown of the mechanism that controls cell division
Prevention methods: don’t smoke..Lung cancer

23. Emerging Diseases West Nile Virus Transmitted by misquitoes
Infects humans, birds, horses, and possibly other animals
Mad cow disease
Infected by eating meat of infected cattle

24. Gene Therapy
Cystic fibrosis- a fatal disorder in which a thick, sticky mucus clogs passages in many of the body organs
Gene therapy- the replacement of a defective gene with a normal version
Muscular dystrophy, hemophilia

25. Section 2 Review
Describe the relationship between scientific research and the use of the environmental resources
Explain how genetic engineering can improve food supplies.
Describe one problem that scientists must overcome to develop a vaccine for HIV.

26. Section review (cont)
Explain how gene therapy might be used to treat cystic fibrosis.
Do you agree or disagree that a knowledge of biology is essential in the battle against diseases? Explain your answer.
One goal of researchers who transpalnt beneficial plant genes into other plants is to: A. Accelerate extinction B. Cure cancer C. Halt the spread of AIDS D. Reduce pesticides use

27. Section 3: Scientific Processes
Observation: the basis of scientific research
Stages of Scientific Investigation
Scientific explanations

28. Observation: The basis of Scientific Research
Solving scientific puzzles

29. Solving scientific puzzles
Observation- the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using senses
Look at your book:
How does it feel?
What does it look like?