1. GIS Methods for Reservoir Assessment and Estimating CO 2 Sequestration Capacities Brandon C. Nuttall GSA, Denver, Colorado 10-Nov-2004

2. MIDCARB project (NETL/DOE)MIDCARB project (NETL/DOE) Continuing researchContinuing research  Shale sequestration  NATCARB  Regional Sequestration Partnerships Acknowledgments

3. Sequestration Potential 33 billion metric tonnes 371 years of Kentucky emissions emissions

4. Conversion Factors 1 m 3 = 35.31 ft 31 m 3 = 35.31 ft 3 1 ton CO 2 = 17.25 Mcf *1 ton CO 2 = 17.25 Mcf * 1 ton = 0.907185 metric tonnes1 ton = 0.907185 metric tonnes * At 60°F and 1 atm

5. Basic Method for Shale Find: Storage = Shale tons * CO 2 /tonFind: Storage = Shale tons * CO 2 /ton UsingUsing  Spatial Analyst  ArcView 3.2  ArcGis 8.3 Depth >= 1,000 feetDepth >= 1,000 feet Thickness >= 100 feetThickness >= 100 feet

6. Calculated Langmuir Volumes CO 2 adsorbed (SCF/ton) 40 scf/ton

7. Math for Grid Calculations MMtons shale @ 2.6 g/cc = 0.873 * thickness CO 2 @ 40 scfCO 2 /ton = 57.97 * 0.873 * 40 * thickness = 2024.3 * thickness

8. Math for Grid Calculations = 2,024.3 * thickness Storage capacity per grid cellStorage capacity per grid cell  Density (2.6 g/cc)  Adsorption (40 scf/ton)  Area (1 km 2 )  Thickness (variable) In tons, not tonnes

9. Start with Basic Data

10. Interpolate Grids: Structure Deepest in red AlsoAlso  Isopach  Depth to top

11. Interpolate Grid: Isopach Thickest in red

12. Map Query: Depth>=1,000 1 = Yes 0 = No

13. Shale in the Subsurface Derived from geologic map

14. Deep and Thick Shale Map Query: Subsurface AND Depth AND Thick

15. Storage by Kilometer 2 Map Calculate: DeepThick * Isopach * 2,024.3

16. Summarize by County ArcGIS 8.3 (ArcMap)

17. Devonian Black Shale 1.2 m 3 /tonne (40 scf/ton) thickness weighted average >3 MM <1 MM Tonnes/sq km 25.1 billion tonnes

18. Mt. Simon Saline Reservoir Exceeds 12,000 ft below sea level Sparse control data

19. Fluid volumeFluid volume  Ø, S w, area, thickness CO 2 solubilityCO 2 solubility  Temperature  Pressure  Salinity Procedure Can model using depth

20. Digital Elevation Model Elevation -Structure + Thickness/2 Midpoint depth seamless.usgs.gov, SRTM 90m

21. Porosity-Depth Model Average 10%Average 10% Range 8-12%Range 8-12% 12% @ 1,000’12% @ 1,000’ 10% @ 5,000’10% @ 5,000’ 8% @ 10,000’8% @ 10,000’ Suggested by: www.aapg.org/education/dist_lect/slides/2001_02/bloch2.pdf and others

22. Other Models Pressure = 0.433 * depthPressure = 0.433 * depth Temp = 58 + depth/100Temp = 58 + depth/100 Salinity = 25.4 * depth + 15878Salinity = 25.4 * depth + 15878 MIDCARB solubility calculatorMIDCARB solubility calculator

23. Storage Capacity Highest capacity in red Summarize by state

24. Conclusion Spatial analysis tools provided by GIS software can be used to manipulate gridded data in regional sequestration assessments.

25. www.uky.edu/KGS