1.  The largest cells found in the urine sediment. Squamous epithelial cells contain abundant, irregular cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus about the size of a red blood cell.  Squamous epithelial cells originate from the linings of the vagina and female urethra and the lower portion of the male urethra. They are from normal cellular sloughing and have no pathologic significance.

2.  Checking for insoluble elements under the microscope.

3.  Using reagent strip to check the chemical property of urine.

4.  Checking the physical property of urine against white background for color and clarity.

5.  Using automated clinitek urinalysis analyzer to perform chemical property of urine.

6.  Using Clinitek advantus to check physical and chemical property of urine.