1. Medical School Histology Basics Blood and Lymph Vessels VIBS 289 lab Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

2. Introduction Multicellular Organisms Need 3 Mechanisms ------------------------------------------------------------- 1.Distribute oxygen, nutrients, and hormones 2.Collect waste 3.Transport waste to excretory organs

3. Introduction Multicellular Organisms Need 3 Mechanisms --------------------------------------------------------------- 1.Distribute oxygen, nutrients, and hormones 2.Collect waste 3.Transport waste to excretory organs CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

4. HEART PRODUCES BLOOD PRESSURE (SYSTOLE) Vessels are structurally adapted to physical requirements and metabolic needs

5. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ELASTIC ARTERIES- CONDUCT BLOOD AND MAINTAIN PRESSURE DURING DIASTOLE

6. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MUSCULAR ARTERIES - DISTRIBUTE BLOOD, MAINTAIN PRESSURE ARTERIOLES - PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE AND DISTRIBUTE BLOOD CAPILLARIES - EXCHANGE NUTRIENTS AND WASTE VENULES - COLLECT BLOOD FROM CAPILLARIES (EDEMA)

8. LAYERS IN VASCULAR WALL LAYERCOMPOSITION TUNICA INTIMAENDOTHELIUM (SUBENDOTHELIA CT. INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA) TUNICA MEDIASMOOTH MUSCLE (ELASTIC LAMELLAE, EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA) TUNICACONNECTIVE TISSUE ADVENTITIA (LONGITUDINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE, VASA VASORUM)

9. 34460

10. Note flattened endothelial cells viewed on their side and on face (flat side of pancake) in arterioles in the iris (left side near the trabecular meshwork of the monkey eye Slide 34412Slide 34412 Fattened endothelial cells Iris of monkey eye Anterior chamber on face Arteriole Dilator muscle

11. Slides 226, note that the endocardiumSlides 226 of endothelium resting on a thin layer of connective tissue and covers the entire inner surface of the myocardium. Edocardium Connective tissue Endothelium Myocardium

12. #4#4 Cardiac cells

13. Epicardium 226 225 Myocardium

14. Slide HISTO023 Purkinje Fibers Myocardium Heart muscle

15. Slide HISTO024 Connective tissue Heart valves Endocardium Myocardium

16. Slide HISTO024 Connective tissue Heart valve Endocardium Myocardium Endothelium Connective tissue

17. Aorta large elastic artery TUNICA INTIMA TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA ADVENTITIA Elastic laminae interspersed with smooth muscle cells Slide 427 Vasa vasorum TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA ADVENTITIA

18. Slide 427 Slide 427 Aorta TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA INTIMA Elastic laminae Smooth muscle cells

19. 432432 Lung elastic artery Smooth muscle cells Elastic laminae TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA INTIMA Endothelium TUNICA ADVENTITIA Fibroblasts Vasa vasorum

20. 225225 Heart Vasa vasorum Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium

21. 3445934459 Muscular arteries in UT 196B1 Human spermatic cord UT 196B1 Muscular arteries Large vein Thick muscular tunica media Wrinkled lumen Elastic membranes

22. 472472 Fallopian tube Muscular artery Small vein venule Wrinkled lumen Elastic membranes tunica media:

23. 472472 Fallopian tube muscular arteries Muscular arteries Wrinkled lumen Elastic membranes tunica intima: endothelial lining; distinct internal elastic membrane tunica media: thickest layer; up to 40 layers of circularly arranged smooth muscle tunica adventitia Tunica adventitia Tunica media tunica intima

24. Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 Hepatic portal vein tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers Tunica media Tunica intima

25. Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers Common bile duct Hepatic portal vein Endothelium Tunica media

26. Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers Common bile duct Hepatic portal vein Endothelium Tunica media

27. basal lamina Autoregulation occurs by realization of smooth muscle cells if O2 levels are too low in arterioles (not arteries) as ARTERIOLES are responsible for PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE 225225 Heart, epicardium myocardium Vasa vasorum

28. Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 Medium vein Muscular artery Arterioles Venules Capillary Fat cells

29. Small vein Small artery Muscular artery Arterioles Venules Capillary 472472 Fallopian tube

30. EM 9 of arteriole: 1.Endothelial cell 2.Internal elastic membrane 3.Smooth muscle cell

31. liver kidney/adrenal muscle/brain basal lamina

32. CONTINUOUS FENESTRATED SINUSOIDAL

33. TYPES OF CAPILLARIES & BASAL LAMINA CHARACTERISTICS CAPILLARIESBASAL LAMINAEXAMPLES OF LOCATIONS CONTINUOUSCOMPLETEMUSCLE, TESTIS, BRAIN, THYMUS FENESTRATEDCOMPLETEGLOMERULUS, ADRENAL DISCONTINUOUSINCOMPLETE ORLIVER, SPLEEN, BONE OR SINUSOIDALLACKINGMARROW MUSCLEGLOMERULUSLIVER

34. Adrenal-cortex and medulla 186 FENESTRATED Capillaries these are sinusoid blood vessels

35. Gall bladder & liver, monkey 155 SINUSOIDAL capillaries

36. Rib bone marrow 420 SINUSOIDAL capillaries

37. SINUSOIDAL capillaries 420 Bone marrow

38. EM 10a: pericyte in vessel wall; 20,000x 1.Lumen 2.Endothelial cell 3.Tight junction

39. EM 17 of capillary in the lamina propria of the intestine 1.Smooth muscle cell 2.Capillary 3.Endothelial cell

40. EM 10b

41. Continuous capillaries in skeletal muscle 136 CONTINUOUS capillaries in muscle Tongue

42. Histo 052 Tongue052 Continuous capillaries in skeletal muscle

43. Small intestinal villi in the rat 32409 Lymphatic capillaries

44. Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 Lymphatic vessels identified by their lymph in the lumen of each Lymphatic vessel with valves The lumen of blood vessels was cleared by vascular perfusion with fixative Lymphatic capillary Valves Muscular artery

45. LYMPH VESSELS FUNCTIONS RETURN PROTEIN, FLUID, AND BLOOD CELLS TRANSPORT SECRETIONS (HORMONES, ANTIBODIES) TRANSPORT FAT (NEUTRAL FAT)

46. Thoracic duct 128 Circular and oblique smooth muscle bundles separated by connective tissue in the tunica media (the thickest layer) Smooth muscle Vasa vasorum of the tunica adventitia tunica media

47. UT196UT196 valves in large vein of spermatic cord Valves Valve = connective tissue core draped with endothelium

48. UT196UT196 valve in lymphatic vessel in spermatic cord 196 Vein Lymphatic vessels Artery Valves in vessels

49. In summary Blood pressure generated Exchange in capillaries Fluid return via lymph Vessels adapted for mechanical and metabolic needs

50. Questions on blood vessels 1. Which of the following structure – function about the cardiovascular system do not match? a. Heart- produce blood pressure (diastole) b. Elastic arteries- conduct blood and maintain pressure during systole c. Muscular arteries- peripheral resistance d. a and b e. a, b, and c 2. Which type of capillary - location do not match: a. continuous - muscle b. fenestrated - glomerulus c. continuous – bone marrow d. a and b e. a, b, and c

51. Bruce Alberts, et al. 1983. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. Bruce Alberts, et al. 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. William J. Banks, 1981. Applied Veterinary Histology. Williams and Wilkins, Los Angeles, CA. Hans Elias, et al. 1978. Histology and Human Microanatomy. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. Don W. Fawcett. 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA. Don W. Fawcett. 1994. Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY. Arthur W. Ham and David H. Cormack. 1979. Histology. J. S. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, PA. Luis C. Junqueira, et al. 1983. Basic Histology. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA. L. Carlos Junqueira, et al. 1995. Basic Histology. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT. L.L. Langley, et al. 1974. Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. W.W. Tuttle and Byron A. Schottelius. 1969. Textbook of Physiology. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, MO. Leon Weiss. 1977. Histology Cell and Tissue Biology. Elsevier Biomedical, New York, NY. Leon Weiss and Roy O. Greep. 1977. Histology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. Nature (http://www.nature.com), Vol. 414:88,2001. Arthur C. Guyton,1971.Textbook of Medical Physiology W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, PA WW Tuttle and BA Schottelius 1969 Textbook of Physiology C.V. Mosby Co. A.L. Mescher 2013 Junqueira’s Basis Histology text and atlas, 13 th ed. McGraw Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology YouTube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources!

52. Fossils in wall of Santa Elena Canyon – Big Bend National Park

53. The end of