1. Chapter 101 Graphs, Good and Bad

2. Chapter 102 Thought Question 1 What is confusing or misleading about the following graph?

3. Chapter 103 Distribution u Tells what values a variable takes and how often it takes these values u Can be a table, graph, or function

4. Chapter 104 Variables u Categorical –Places an individual into one of several groups or categories –Display distribution with a bar graph or a pie chart u Quantitative (Numerical) –Takes numerical values for which arithmetic operations such as adding and averaging make sense

5. Chapter 105 Case Study (from Ch.1) The Effect of Hypnosis on the Immune System u Easy or difficult to achieve hypnotic trance u Group assignment u Pre-study white blood cell count u Post-study white blood cell count categorical quantitative

6. Chapter 106 Case Study (from Ch.1) Weight Gain Spells Heart Risk for Women u Age (in 1976) u Weight in 1976 u Weight at age 18 u Incidence of coronary heart disease u Other: smoking, family history, menopausal status, post-menopausal hormone use. quantitative categorical

7. Chapter 107 Class Make-up on First Day (Summer 2002) YearCountPercent Freshman1841.9% Sophomore1023.3% Junior614.0% Senior920.9% Total43100.1% Data Table

8. Chapter 108 Pie Chart Class Make-up on First Day (Summer 2002)

9. Chapter 109 Class Make-up on First Day (Summer 2002) Bar Graph

10. Chapter 1010 Line Graphs u A line graph shows behavior over time. u Time is always on the horizontal axis. u Look for an overall pattern (trend). u Look for patterns that repeat at known regular intervals (seasonal variations). u Look for any striking deviations that might indicate unusual occurrences.

11. Chapter 1011 Class Make-up on First Day (Fall Semesters: 1985-1993)

12. Chapter 1012 Beware of Pictograms Source: State of the York Watershed 2000, The York Watershed Council, Virginia

13. Chapter 1013 Another Misleading Graph

14. Chapter 1014 Making Good Graphs u Title your graph. u Make sure labels and legends describe variables and their measurement units. Be careful with the scales used. u Make the data stand out. Avoid distracting grids, artwork, etc. u Pay attention to what the eye sees. Avoid pictograms and tacky effects.

15. Chapter 1015 Key Concepts u Categorical and Quantitative Variables u Distributions u Pie Charts u Bar Graphs u Line Graphs u Techniques for Making Good Graphs