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Diabetes Mellitus Josh Dembowitz AP Biology 12 3/24/08
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What is Diabetes? Disease characterized by high blood sugar Role of insulin- key to understanding the disease Disease affecting, among others, the circulatory, endocrine, and excretory systems of the body
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Symptoms The three P’s: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia Weight loss (Type I), fatigue, blurred vision, coma (diabetic shock), poor circulation, renal failure Recent-onset of polyuria and polydipsia, along with weight loss
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Diagnosing Diabetes Use one of two tests- fasting plasma glucose (126 mg/dL), plasma glucose level after oral glucose load (above 200 mg/dL)
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Diabetes and the Eye
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Circulation: Diabetic Foot
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Type I Diabetes Many names 10% of cases in Western World Distinguishing characteristic: loss of insulin-producing beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas Unknown trigger
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Type I Diabetes (cont’d) Treatment: Insulin injections, blood glucose level monitoring AWARENESS AND EDUCATION ARE CRUCIAL No cure, but lifestyle adjustments crucial
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Type II Diabetes Resistance to insulin as well as decreased production Linkage to several physiological factors Treatment varies depending on severity
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Gestational Diabetes Similar to Type II in resemblance 2-5% frequency Dangerous if untreated, especially for baby Shoulder distosia, induced labor common
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Can We Find a Cure? Only “cure” for Type I- after transplant Stem cells, transplant of beta cells Gastric bypass surgery
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