2. Food for thought

3. What would you be without Agriculture? Question:

4. Answer: Naked & Hungry

5. What is Agriculture?  Agriculture: Activities concerned with the production of plants and animals, and related supplies, services, mechanics, products, processing, and marketing.

6. Agriculture defined  USDA refers to agriculture as “ agriculture/agribusiness and renewable natural resources. ”  food, fiber, and environmental systems www.usda.gov

7.  2% of America’s work force produces the food and fiber to meet the needs of our nation  There has been a reduction from 90% of the nation’ population involved in farming 200 years ago Agriculture Progress

8. Fields of Agriculture  Agronomy- The study of field crops.

9. Fields of Agriculture  Horticulture involves the producing, processing & marketing of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants

10. Fields of Agriculture  Animal Science- the study of the biology and management of domestic animals. This includes livestock, small animals and pets.

11. Fields of Agriculture  Forestry- timber management for lumber, poles, post, plywood, etc.

12. Fields of Agriculture  Biotechnology- manipulation of living organisms and organic material to serve human needs Improving plants or animals  To get desirable traits  Economic gain  Increase production  Etc…

13. Fields of Agriculture  Soil Science- study of properties and management of soil.

14. Fields of Agriculture  Aquaculture- growing and management of living things in the water.

15.  Corn- #1 field crop produced & exported in America Corn production is more than 2 times that of any other crop Produced in every state in the U.S and on every continent except Antarctica!!! Common Field Crops

16. Corn – a zillion uses! Adhesives Aluminum Antibiotics Aspirin Babyfood Batteries Cereal Soda Gum Cosmetics crayons Diapers Leather Yogurt Wallpaper Toothpaste Syrup Tacos Soaps Cleaners Rugs Carpet Salad dressings Peanut butter Paper plates Mustard Ketchup Candy Mayonnaise Jelly Frozen food Instant coffee Malted products

17.  Soybeans- the word’s most important source of vegetable oil. Good form of plant protein Provides the basic materials for many products. Ex: Crayons, shampoo, ink pens, Diesel Fuel, etc. Common Field Crops

18.  Wheat- Important to survival of country. Contained in most bread products  Cotton- “The fabric of our lives” Common Field Crops

19. World Outlook  The worlds population is continually expanding. More children are surviving to adulthood. Adults are living longer. What impact will this have on our resources?

20. World Outlook  Population growth will: 1. Add stress to environmental systems of air, water, soil, and natural resources. 2. Create challenges to meet the demands for food and fiber (clothing and shelter).

21.  While many people think that the “farmer” is becoming obsolete, this amount of population growth ensures that Agriculture will always be an essential industry.

22. Food is Affordable in the United States  % Income spent on food  United Kingdom10.2%  France17.7%  Italy19.2%  India48.1%  Mexico24%  USA7.1%

23. Where Your Dollar Goes

24.  What the Farmer Gets  pork - 31 cents per lb.  chicken - 36 cents per lb.  corn - $2.15 per bushel—that’s $2.15 for 50 pounds  potatoes - $5.65 per hundred weight  milk - $1.16 per gallon  beef - 54 cents per pound to the farmer Food For Thought

25. What are we eating??  The average US citizen consumes yearly:  21.6 gallonsMilk  30.6 poundsCheese  64.9 poundsRed Meat  253.4Eggs  416.6 pounds Vegetables  194 poundsFlour and Cereal

26. What is produced on America’s Farms?  Total Livestock, Dairy, and Eggs 271,172,725,000 pounds  Crops 1,729,733,056,100 pounds  Corn ranks in the top five US exports every year

27. Farms  Texas has the most farms  The average farm size in the US is 443 acres  ~15,000 farms have gone out of operation since 2003  90% of farms are still family run

28.  The projection is for the average size of farms in the US to Increase while the number Decreases trends

29. What the Farmer Looks Like

31. Trends  Health concerns has caused an increase in consumption of poultry Why?

32.  U.S. chicken consumption per capita has risen from 68.8 pounds in 1995 to an estimated 85.6 pounds today  Poultry is generally cheaper per pound than other meat  Healthier (leaner)  Appeal to kids. (Beef nuggets, anyone?)  Versatile – baked, fried, soup, nuggets, wings, etc…

33.  Total acreage of farmland: 517,879  Average farm: 67 acres  Total # of farms: 7,691  Farm #’s grew 27% between 2002-2007  Farmers markets: 202  Revenue: $6 billion! Massachusetts Agriculture 2007 farm census

34.  Cash Receipts: Greenhouse/nursery: 35% Fruit/Vegetables: 19% Cranberries:17% Livestock/poultry:12% Milk:9% Massachusetts Agriculture 2007 farm census

35.  National rankings: 2 nd – Cranberries 2 nd – Wild blueberries 9 th – Squash 9 th – Maple Syrup 10 th – Raspberries 12 th – Apples 13 th – Pumpkins 13 th – Organic products 15 th - Pears Massachusetts Agriculture 2007 farm census

36.  Total Area in Agriculture: 66,352 acres  522 Farms  $20, 601,000 revenue Crop sales: 38% Livestock sales: 62%  Average farm is 127 acres and produces $57,091  Top crops: forage (hay, silage), corn, vegetables,  Top livestock: cattle, layers, milk, horses, sheep Berkshire CountyAgriculture

37. Inventions and Inventors  1793- Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin  transforms cotton to a usable product by removing the cottonseed from the cotton fiber

38. Cotton Gin

39.  1834- Cyrus McCormick invented the grain reaper saved labor in cutting wheat, oats, and similar crops  Later a threshing device was added to the grain reaper, and it became known as a combine Inventions and Inventors

40. Grain Reaper

41. Combine

42. Inventions  Early 1800s: Thomas Jefferson invented the first iron plow

43. Inventions  1837: John Deere improved the iron plow by inventing the steel moldboard plow

44. Inventions  1850: Edmund Quincy- corn picker

45. Modern Corn Picker

46. Inventions  1878- Anna Baldwin changed the dairy industry by inventing a milking machine to replace hand milking

47. Milking Machine

49. Inventions  1904- Benjamin Holt invented the tractor  Replaced the mule as the sources of power (horse power)

50. Inventions  In 1960 many countries became self sustaining with agriculture. This was known as the “Green Revolution.” Ex: Round Up Ready Soy Beans and Corn increase crop yields.

51. A Hero of Agriculture  George Washington Carver  1864  invented three hundred uses for peanuts and hundreds more uses for soybeans, pecans and sweet potatoes.

52. George Washington Carver  Adhesives  axle grease  Bleach  Buttermilk  chili sauce  fuel briquettes  Ink  instant coffee  Linoleum  Mayonnaise Pavement shaving cream shoe polish synthetic rubber talcum powder wood stain. Paper uses for soybeans, peanuts, pecans and sweet potatoes:

53. George Washington  experimented with new crops, fertilizers, crop rotation, tools, and livestock breeding  innovative farmer, who switched from tobacco to wheat as his main cash crop

54. Your Assignment  Your assignment is to highlight 20 historical impacts ( related to agriculture) including those we have that we have talked about today. It should be in timeline format with illustrations.  Refer to your notes, textbook, and the internet