1. 12-1 Vocabulary Acid Rain Rain containing high amounts of chemical pollutants Pope Head of the Roman Catholic Church Landlocked Not bordering a sea or ocean Bauxite Mineral used to make aluminum Spa Resort that has hot mineral springs that people bathe in to regain their health

2. 12-2 Vocabulary Consumer Goods Goods people buy to use for themselves, such as household products, clothing and cars Ethnic Cleansing Forcing people from a different ethnic group to leave their homes Refugee Person who flees to another country to avoid persecution or disaster Mosque Place of worship for followers of Islam

3. 12-3 Vocabulary Steppe Partly dry, treeless grassland often found on the edges of a desert Potash Type of mineral salt that is often used in fertilizers

4. Discussion Notes 12-1: East Central Europe I. Poland - lies on the North European ________, has mild weather. A. Most have small farms on this fertile plain which _____ of the people work on. B. ________ mining is one of the most important industries. C. ________, a Baltic seaport, is an important shipbuilding center. D. Poles belong to the _______ ethnic group and speak Polish, a Slavic language. Most Poles are Catholic. II. The Baltic Republics - made up of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. A.All lie on the ______ ______ and their economies are based on “free market” which is made up of farming, fishing, and shipbuilding. B.Nearly 1/3 of the people are __________ of the Baltic Republics (tensions). Plain 25% Coal Gdansk Slav BalticSea Russian

5. III. Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia (Czechoslovakia) A. All three are ___________ countries. B. Hungary depends on the _______ ________ for trade and transportation. C. 90% of Hungary’s 10 million people are descendants of the __________. D.Czech has a _________ standard of living in Eastern Europe. E._________, the capital, is the center of service industries, tourism, and manufacturing. F. Czech is a ____________ democracy with a president. G. Slovakia is rich in iron ore, lead, zinc, and __________. H. 60% of Slovakia’s 5.4 million live in cities and most are _____. landlocked DanubeRiver Magyars high Prague parliamentary copper Slovak.

6. Discussion Notes 12-2: The Balkan Countries I. Romania A. 1/3 of the ___________ Mountains cover Romania. B. Romania has a _______ market economy to produce consumer goods. C. 56% live in cities and towns. _______________ is the capital and has 2 million people. D. Most Romanians are descendants of ___________. II. Bulgaria - has mountains to the south. A. Agriculture and manufacturing are important. ______ are grown here. B. The Slavic people use the _________ alphabet. III. Albania - is a very ________ country with many mountains. A. 70% are ________ and the rest are Christians and Eastern Orthodox. Carpathian free Bucharest Romans Roses Cyrillic poor Muslims

7. IV. Former Yugoslav Republics – broke up in the 1990’s. A. Yugoslavia broke apart into: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Serbia and Montenegro. B. After the breakup, ____________ tried to gain control of all the republics through war and ethnic cleansing. C. People fled which they were known as ___________. D. ___________ is the most peaceful and prosperous. E. ____________ divides the Croats and Serbs in Croatia. F. Many people in Bosnia are __________, but there are Christians too who often have conflicts. Serbia refugees Slovenia Religion Muslims

8. Discussion Notes 12-3: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova I. Ukraine - is the __________ European country. A. A vast ___________, or partly wooded plain covers the country. B. The ___________ River is its most important waterway. C. Farms are very productive giving it the nickname “___________ of Europe”. D. It was once part of the _________ Union until it became free in 1991. II. Belarus and Moldova A. Farming, factories of equipment, chemicals, and food processing are important ___________ activities. B. __________ party control Belarus’s government and have maintained close ties with Russia. Many foreign businesses refuse to trade with them. C. The capital and largest city of Belarus is _________. largest steppe Dnieper Breadbasket Soviet economic Communist Minsk

9. D. Moldova was once part of ___________ in which 2/3 of the people trace their ancestry from. E. Moldova’s eastern region recently declared independence in which this region produces _______ of the country’s electricity. F. The capital is Chisinau and most of Moldova is __________. Romania 80% Chisinau