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Global History—Thursday December 15 2009 Chapter 25—The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (pages 630-653) Topic: Industrial Revolution Aim Question: In what ways did the factory system change the way people lived and worked and were these positives or negatives? Objective: -Understand how industry changed peoples lives in Manchester -Analyze the positives and negatives effects of industrialization -Examine the working conditions through the “The Jungle” by Uptown Sinclair Agenda: -Attendance -Announcements; -Review: Industrialization, definition, and facts -Notes/Lecture on effects of industrialization -Read excerpts of “The Jungle”
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Review: Industrialization Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? England
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What does Rural mean? The country or from an agrarian community
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During the Industrial Revolution, where did most people migrate in search of jobs in factories? Urban Communities
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What powered the first machines that eventually moved trains and boats? STEAM
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What are the three factors of production? Land Labor Money (capital)
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Case Study: Manchester, England (Page 638)
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A Case Study: Cotton Manufacturing in Manchester Great location New Technology Large urban (city) population--labor Many natural resources Many banks willing to loan money
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Urbanization City building and people moving to cities.
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RURAL
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RURAL= the COUNTRY
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City Living—the Urbanization of society URBAN
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URBANIZATION
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Manchester’s growth: 1760 = 45,000 people 1850 = 300,00 1900 = 600,00
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Why rush to the City—URBAN areas? More stable work than on the farm Opportunity in the city… “Everyone else is doing it!”— mentality …
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New “classes” of people… (social classes…) Growing (upper) middle class: bourgeoisie, business owners, factory owners, professionals (accountants, lawyers), skilled workers (engineer, scientist), and entrepreneurs - not rich, and certainly not poor
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… New Social Classes … Lower middle class: - factory managers, skilled machinists or craftsmen, foremen Working class: - workers in the mines, factories, low level workers, dirty workers
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Living Conditions in Manchester No planning to the city No sanitary codes No building codes No public education established No garbage collection service Little police protection established Few paved streets
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Manchester 1800’s living conditions
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Manchester in the 1800’s
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Tenement Living
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Tenement or Apartment
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Sleeping quarters
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Urbanization = Factory Work Farm labor became Factory labor Working conditions also changed Outside work became inside work
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Working Conditions Factory owners maximized the time of the worker; mostly 14 hour work days, 6 days a week Same, monotonous work (over and over again, the same movement) Factories were dark and dirty No government programs for safety of workers Many young children working
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Working conditions Pottery Factory
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The New Work Force
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Child Labor. 8 year-old kids would spend ten hours a day in coal mines. Their little bodies fit more easy than an adult! More kids…more money!!!
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