1. Hardships of Early Industrial Life
7.3

2. The Industrial Revolution created material benefits as well as social problems.
Main Idea

3. The New Industrial City
The I.R. brought rapid urbanization- the movement of people to cities.
The British market town of Manchester
1750s- 17,000 people
,000 people
,000 people
Visitors described it as a “cloud of coal vapor”
Polluted, pounding noise of the steam engines, and a filthy stench of its river
The New Industrial City

4. There was a divide between the wealthy and poor.
Wealthy and middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods.
Poor lived in the slums
They packed into tiny tenements- multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments
No running water, only a community pump
No sewage
Diseases Spread

5. The Factory System Rigid Schedules
“While the engine runs, people must work”
Shifts lasted from 12 to 16 hours
Workers suffered accidents from machines with no safety devices.
Coal dust and lint destroyed lungs.
Injured workers lost their jobs.

6. Women Workers Employers preferred to hire women over men.
Belief was that they could adapt to the machines quicker
Women could be paid less than men
Women were out of the house for 12 hours but the expectation for women to upkeep the household remained present.

7. Child Labor Factories hired boys and girls
Worked in textile mills because of their small and nimble fingers.
Also, moved quicker through small chambers in the coals mines, pushing carts of coal
Wages were needed
Like parents, children
were slaves to the
machines
Orphans
Finally, by the 1830s,
British lawmakers looked
into the issue of child labor.

8. In rural villages, farm families established a sense of community.
In industrial cities, many felt lost.
In time, factory and mine workers developed their own sense of community.
As the I.R. begins, skilled laborers protested new machinery that was taking their jobs away.
Destroyed machinery, burned factories
Protestors(Luddites) were met with violence and death by soldiers.
The Working Class

9. Spread of Methodism New religious movement
Mid 1700s- John Wesley founded the Methodist Church
Encouraged Christians to adopt sober and moral ways.
Tried to rekindle hope among the poor
Set up Sunday schools
Studied the Bible and learned to read and write
Spread of Methodism

10. The I.R. introduced a new middle class, which came from several sources:
Merchants who invested factories
Some “rags to riches”
Middle class families lived comfortable lives
Women took up “ladylike” activities
Drawing, embroidery, or playing the piano
Ladies did not do housework or work outside
Had the determination to “get ahead”
Thought of the poor as ignorant and lazy that they could not “work their way up”
The New Middle Class

11. Since the 1800s, people debated whether the I. R
Since the 1800s, people debated whether the I.R. was a blessing or a curse.
The age brought upon terrible hardships.
However, reformers pressed laws to improve working conditions.
Labor Unions- won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working conditions.
Eventually, working class men gained right to vote.
Material Benefits:
Demand for mass produced goods grew
New factories opened
Wages for worker rose
Railroad travel became affordable
Benefits and Problems

12. The Spread of the Industrial Revolution
Industrialization spread around the world.
Often, it begins with suffering.
In the end, it produces more material benefits for more people.
The Spread of the Industrial Revolution