2. Uneasy Balances Gag Rule (in Congress)Gag Rule (in Congress) More states entering union: AK (Slave), MI (Free), TX (slave)More states entering union: AK (Slave), MI (Free), TX (slave) Congressional debates erupt in violenceCongressional debates erupt in violence

3. Mexican Territory and the issue Polk: Extend Missouri Com. To Pacific OPolk: Extend Missouri Com. To Pacific O Douglas: Popular Sovereignty –Douglas: Popular Sovereignty – Wilmot Proviso – Wilmot’s answer to newly purchased territory from MexicoWilmot Proviso – Wilmot’s answer to newly purchased territory from Mexico –Threats: secession, cut of commerical realtions with North, refusal to pay debts owed to North –Never passed

4. 1848 Election Lewis Cass Dem. Zachary Taylor Whig -Unkown political views Martin Van Buren Free Soil Party’s beliefs?

5. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: §Personal liberty laws §Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: §Personal liberty laws §Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

6. Compromise of 1850: A work in Progress over 9 months long

7. Elements of the Compromise 1.2.3.4.5. Bonus: If Pres. Taylor was against this, how did it ultimately pass?

8. Fugitive Slave Act “Personal Liberty Laws” as a means of combatting this Act“Personal Liberty Laws” as a means of combatting this Act How did enforcement of this Act change the nation?How did enforcement of this Act change the nation?

9. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811- 1896) Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811- 1896) Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 §Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. §2 million in a decade! §“So this is the lady that started the civil war!” Abraham Lincoln §Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. §2 million in a decade! §“So this is the lady that started the civil war!” Abraham Lincoln

10. 1852 Presidential Election Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale -- Democrat (NH) Whig Free Soil -Compr. 1850 supporter Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale -- Democrat (NH) Whig Free Soil -Compr. 1850 supporter

11. 1852 Election Results

12. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

13. “Bleeding Kansas” Missouri border ruffians Rival gov’ts Charles Sumner, “Crime against kansas” Missouri border ruffians Rival gov’ts Charles Sumner, “Crime against kansas”

14. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c )

15. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854  Opposed to expansion of slavery, not abolition  Northern Anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats  Free-Soilers, Know-Nothin  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  Opposed to expansion of slavery, not abolition  Northern Anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats  Free-Soilers, Know-Nothin  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

16. 1856 Presidential Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore (PA) Democrat Republican Whig

17. 1856 Electio n Results

18. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

19. What caused the Panic of 1857?? What were its affects on the nation?

20. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

21. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty ?

22. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

23. 1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat Stephen John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

24. Republican Party Platform in 1860  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

25. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

26. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

27. 1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

28. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

29. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

30. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861