1. Biology Journal 3/25/2013 Whenever blood enters the heart, what chamber does it go into first? Where does it go second? What does it leave through?

2. Biology Journal 3/26/2013 What is atherosclerosis? What kinds of things cause it? What does it do to the heart? What do you think could be treatments for it?

3. Biology Journal 2/13/2014 The heart is surrounded by fat tissue. Why do you think that might be a good thing?

4. 6.2 Transport System Assessment statement 6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart.  Care should be taken to show the relative wall thickness of the four chambers.  Neither the coronary vessels nor the conductive system are required. 6.2.2State that the coronary arteries supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. 6.2.5 Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins. 6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves.  collection of blood by the atria  which is then pumped out by the ventricles into the arteries  the direction of flow is controlled by atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves 6.2.4 Outline the control of the heartbeat in terms of myogenic muscle contraction, the role of the pacemaker, nerves, the medulla of the brain and epinephrine (adrenaline). 6.2.6 State that blood is composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes) and platelets. 6.2.7State that the following are transported by the blood: nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, antibodies, urea and heat.

5. There are 7 important substances that are carried by your blood (according to our IB topics). How many can you name?

6. 7 important substances carried by your blood: Oxygen Carbon Dioxide NutrientsHormonesAntibodiesUreaHeat

7. 1. What is the name of this chamber? 2. What is the name of this chamber? 3. What is the name of this valve? 4. What is the name of this valve? Right Atrium Left Ventricle Atrioventricular valve Semilunar valve

8. Complete the table! ArteryVeinCapillary Are they thick or thin? Are they elastic? Is the blood pressure high or low?

9. Complete the table! ArteryVeinCapillary Are they thick or thin? ThickThin Really thin (only 1 cell thick) Are they elastic (stretchy)? YesNo Is the blood pressure high or low? HighLow

10. What are coronary arteries? Why are they important? Coronary arteries are the arteries that supply blood to the heart itself. They are important because when they become blocked, a heart attack happens!

11. In one complete loop through the circulatory system, your blood… 1. Passes through how many chambers? 2. Is squeezed by contractions of the heart how many times? 3. Passes through how many heart valves? Four! Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle. Two! In the right ventricle (which sends it to the lungs) and in the left ventricle (which sends it all over the body) Four! 2 atrioventricular, 2 semilunar

12. The medulla of the brain controls the heart rate by reacting to the concentration of CO 2 in the blood. If the concentration of CO 2 in the blood is high, would the medulla make the heart rate go faster or slower? Why? Faster! The CO 2 concentration is high because O 2 is being consumed and turned into CO 2 by cellular respiration. A faster heart rate is needed to supply the oxygen to cells for this reaction!

13. Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? Why? Which chamber as the 2 nd thickest? Why? Which chamber has the 3 rd thickest? Why? Left ventricle. It pumps blood to the whole body. Right ventricle. It pumps blood to the lungs The atria. They only pump blood to the next ventricle. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd

14. When might blood clots be a good thing? When might blood clots be a bad thing? A compound fractured bone. This soccer player’s tibia bone is now poking out of his sock. The blood around this injury will be clotting very soon. A blood clot in this person’s thigh vein has caused blood to build up in his entire leg.

15. When might blood clots be a good thing? When might blood clots be a bad thing? Blood clots are good when they prevent blood loss (for internal or external bleeding). They are bad when they happen when they are not supposed to (heart attacks, strokes, or “blood clots”)

16. What does the sinoatrical node do? How does it do it? The sinoatrical node is a group of heart muscle cells that contracts, and sends electrical signals that cause the other cells to contract. It’s called the pacemaker.

17. CellsWhat do they do? Erythrocytes Leukocytes Plasma Platelets Complete the table!

18. CellsWhat do they do? Erythrocytes Transport O 2 and CO 2 (aka red blood cells) Leukocytes Fight off pathogens. Has phagocytes, and lymphocytes (B and T cells) Plasma Liquid part of the blood. Transports many important substances Platelets Stick together to make blood clots Complete the table!

19. 1.What is arthrosclerosis? 2.What kinds of diseases could be a result of having arthrosclerosis?

20. PartDescription 1. Blood enters by filling this chamber. 2. Blood leaves the heart by being squeezed out of this chamber. 3. This chamber is larger and more muscular than the other. 4. This structure separates the chambers of the heart, to keep blood going in one direction. Complete the table! Parts of the Heart and their Function

21. PartDescription 1. Atrium Blood enters by filling this chamber. 2. Ventricle Blood leaves the heart by being squeezed out of this chamber. 3. Ventricle This chamber is larger and more muscular than the other. 4. Atrioventricular Valve This structure separates the chambers of the heart, to keep blood going in one direction. Complete the table! Parts of the Heart and their Function

22. Suppose somebody had a mutation to the DNA that coded for clotting factor proteins. What do you think could happen if your clotting factors didn’t work?

23. When are clotting factors released by your cells? What do they do to platelets? What do they do to white blood cells?