2.  Definition of Immunization  Immunization Schedule  Success of Immunization Assessment of Success Factors Influencing Success  The Cold Chain

3. Non specific specific skin mucous membranes reflexes genetic sp. variation race anomalies acquired natural passive ( transplacental ) active ( disease ) artificial active toxoid live vacc killed vacc passive homologous Abs heterologous Abs Resistance Artificially acquired specific resistance

4.  Vaccine:  A suspension of attenuated live or killed microorganisms or antigenic portion of these agent presented to a potential host to induce immunity and prevent disease.

5.  Toxoid :  A modified bacterial toxin that has been made nontoxic but remains the capacity to stimulate the formation of antitoxin

6.  Antitoxin :  An antibody derived from the serum of animals from stimulation with specific antigen used to provide passive immunity

7. Definitions Immunoglobulin: An antibody-containing solution derived from human blood and used primary for maintenance of immunity of immunodeficient person or for passive immunization.

8. Attenuated strain of M.bovis. Site: intradermal.  Safe in immunocompetent patient.  50 – 80%Protection against disseminated tuberculosis and tuberculus meningitis  50% protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adults

9.  IPV: trivalent inactivated poliovirus type 1,2 and 3  OPV : trivalent live attenuated poliovirus type 1,2 and 3  Protection against Poliomyelitis

10. Vaccine administration IPV = SC OPV = PO

11.  DPT = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined to a whole-cell pertussis.  DTaP = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined to a cellular pertussis vaccine  DT = for children <7yrs with contraindication to pertussis  Td = tetanus toxoid with1/3 -1/6 the dose of diphtheria toxoid for individuals >7yrs Site = IM

12. Consist of a capsular polysaccharide antigen conjugated to a carrier (doesn’t protect against the disease) Protection against bacteremia, pneumonia, and acute bacterial meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine

13. Routine use of these vaccine has lead to a 95% decline in invasive Hib disease in infancy and young children. Vaccine administration :IM

14. Indications: Routine All infant of HBsAg positive mother All children and adolescents not immunized High risk group: o Health workers. o Haemodialysis, bleeding disorders. o Travellers to endemic areas.

15. Introduction of pentavalent vaccine DPT Hepatitis B Hib

16. Live attenuated viruses. measles and mumps grown in chick embryo cell while rubella in human diploid cells. Monovalent measles vaccine, rubella vaccine and measles/rubella MR formulations are available. Vaccine administration: SC MMR

17.  The varicella vaccine is a live (attenuated) virus administered to protect against chickenpox live (attenuated) viruschickenpox  Given subcutaneously (under the skin).  Two doses are always recommended

18.  Quadrivalent (Serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y)  MCV4 is administered intramuscularly. MCV4

19. Rota VV  Live attenuated  Given orally in 2 doses

20. Birth 2 mo 4 mo 6 mo 9 mo 12 mo 18 mo 24 mo School entry BCG DTaP 1 DTaP 2 DTaP 3 Measles 1 (mono) M 2 MR 1 DTaP B1 HepAV 2 DTaP B2 HepBV 1 HibV 1 HibV 2 HibV 3 OPV 4 HibV B OPV B2 IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV/OPV 3 OPV B1 M 4 MR 3 Varicella 2 HepBV 2 HepBV 3 HepBV 4 HepAV 1 PCV 1 PCV 2 PCV 3 PCV B /Td Rota MCV4 Varicella 1 M 3 MR 2 vaccineinformation.org

21. - Coverage - Seroconversion

22. - Parents - Staff - Vaccine KAP Availability Commitment Skill Efficacy Stability ( H.E. ) ( √ ) ( Selection ) ( Training ) ( Choice ) ( Cold Chain )

23. It is a temperature-controlled supply chain. It is a system of storage, transport and distribution of vaccines at a low temperature from manufacturer to the actual vaccination site. range Cold chain

24. Manufacturer Ground Transport AirportAirplane Airport Terminal Intermediate Stops& Transfers Distributor’s Warehouse Consumer Outlet Consumer Pharma / Biotech Cold Chain Destination

26. THANK YOU