1. 2005 Michigan Tech Clean Snowmobile Greg Davis David Meyer Advisor: Dr. Bernhard Bettig Incorporation of a High Performance, Four-Cylinder, Four-Stroke Motorcycle Engine into a Snowmobile Application

2. Concept Build a high performance, clean, and quiet snowmobile that appeals to a wide audience and can be adapted to multiple applications

3. High Performance Engine – 2003 Honda CBR954RR Engine – 2003 Honda CBR954RR Drive system – Semi-direct drive with crankshaft mounted output system Drive system – Semi-direct drive with crankshaft mounted output system Chassis – 2004 Polaris Pro-X Chassis – 2004 Polaris Pro-X

4. Engine Honda CBR954RR Honda CBR954RR 4-Stroke 4-Stroke 4-Cylinder 4-Cylinder 4 valves per cylinder 4 valves per cylinder Electronic Fuel Injection Electronic Fuel Injection Naturally Aspirated Naturally Aspirated

5. Snowmobile Adaptation Crankshaft adapter and output shaft Crankshaft adapter and output shaft Engine side cover to support output shaft Engine side cover to support output shaft

6. Drive System Micro Belmont primary clutch Micro Belmont primary clutch Team Industries rapid reaction roller secondary clutch Team Industries rapid reaction roller secondary clutch FAST gearbox FAST gearbox Shaft support arm Shaft support arm

7. Chassis Over the motor steering system Over the motor steering system Rider position and ergonomics Rider position and ergonomics Suspension and rider comfort Suspension and rider comfort

8. Clean 3-way Metal substrate catalytic exhaust treatment 3-way Metal substrate catalytic exhaust treatment Honda PAIR valve Honda PAIR valve Fuel injection optimization Fuel injection optimization Catalyst optimization Catalyst optimization Reduced fuel consumption Reduced fuel consumption

9. Emissions Percent Reduction Emissions As compared to stock Honda System Emissions SetupModeHCCONOx Catalyst58227100 416-29099 310-6298 Catalyst5959878 w/ FI tuning49698 3959680

10. Quiet Quiet Custom muffler Custom muffler Quiet track Quiet track Under hood sound absorption foam Under hood sound absorption foam Integrated motor mount bushings Integrated motor mount bushings

11. Muffler Design Frequency analysis completed Frequency analysis completed Peak frequencies identified Peak frequencies identified Combination reactive and absorptive muffler Combination reactive and absorptive muffler Muffler tuned to eliminate peak frequencies Muffler tuned to eliminate peak frequencies

12. Further Noise Reduction Various tracks tested on simulation stand Various tracks tested on simulation stand Sound absorption foam used to reduce under hood noise Sound absorption foam used to reduce under hood noise Motor mount bushings integrated to reduce vibration Motor mount bushings integrated to reduce vibration

13. Environmental Perspective Clean Clean Greater than 95% reduction in HC and CO 2 Greater than 95% reduction in HC and CO 2 Greater than 78% reduction in NOx Greater than 78% reduction in NOx Increased Fuel Economy, 14.5 MPG Increased Fuel Economy, 14.5 MPG Reduction in burned oil Reduction in burned oil Quiet Quiet 35dB reduction in exhaust noise 35dB reduction in exhaust noise Suspension and track noise reduction Suspension and track noise reduction

14. Operator Perspective Fun to Ride Due to High Specific Power and Fuel Economy Fun to Ride Due to High Specific Power and Fuel Economy 32.14 W/N 32.14 W/N Increased Fuel Economy, 14.5 MPG Increased Fuel Economy, 14.5 MPG Low Maintenance Low Maintenance Seasonal Oil Change, Reduced Spark Plug Fouling Seasonal Oil Change, Reduced Spark Plug Fouling High Durability High Durability Drive System, Four-Stroke Reliability Drive System, Four-Stroke Reliability Affordability Affordability Average of $110 Savings per Season in Petroleum Products Average of $110 Savings per Season in Petroleum Products Fuel cost savings due to higher fuel economy Fuel cost savings due to higher fuel economy

15. Dealer/Outfitter Perspective Affordable Affordable $1314 additional technology per CSC TICA Form $1314 additional technology per CSC TICA Form Reduced Maintenance Reduced Maintenance Seasonal Oil Change, Reduced Spark Plug Fouling Seasonal Oil Change, Reduced Spark Plug Fouling Less Cost of Maintaining Less Cost of Maintaining Easy tunability Easy tunability Simple clutch tuning transforms a touring sled into a high performance machine in minutes for minimal cost Simple clutch tuning transforms a touring sled into a high performance machine in minutes for minimal cost Increased Durability Increased Durability Drive System, Four-Stroke Reliability Drive System, Four-Stroke Reliability

16. Questions