1. Families of Elements

2. Groups Columns Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons

3. Periods Horizontal Rows As you move from left to right the atomic number increases So the # of protons and electrons also increases

4. Alkali Metals

5. Are very reactive They only have one valence electron

6. Alkali Metals Lithium Sodium Potassium

7. Alkali Metals in Nature Because they are so reactive they are not found as elements in nature Instead they combine with other elements to form compounds

8. Alkaline Earth Metals

9. Have two valence electrons Less reactive than the alkali metals Make bonds with other elements very easily

10. Calcium Make up the hard shells of many sea animals Found in bones and teeth Also found in green leafy vegetables

11. Magnesium Used to build some airplanes Used in flares Activates many enzymes in the human body

12. Transition Metals

13. Not very reactive Conduct heat and electricity

14. Transition Metals Copper is used for electrical wiring and plumbing Light bulb filaments are made of tungsten Mercury is used in thermometers

15. All Metals Conduct heat and electricity Malleable High melting and boiling points

16. Bottom two rows of transition metals Keeps the table narrow so that similar elements still line up Elements with a atomic number higher than 92 are man-made

17. 95 Americium Used in smoke detectors

18. Nonmetals Found on the right side of the periodic table

19. Carbon Found as graphite or diamonds in its pure state

20. Carbon Compounds Found in living and non-living things Glucose Chlorophyll Gasoline Rubber Tires

21. Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6

22. Gasoline C 8 H 18

23. Sulfur Compunds Smells like rotten eggs But sulfur by itself does not smell

24. Chlorine Used to kill bacteria in swimming pools and drinking water

25. Noble Gases Found on the right side of the periodic table. Not very reactive at all because their valence electron shells are full.