1. VERITATEM VERANATUR “VERIFY” TO PROVE SOMETHING IS TRUE “VENERATE” RESPECT

2. TRUTH DOES NOT DEPEND ON: WHAT YOU KNOW YOUR OPINION YOUR BELIEF

3. CREDO IN UNUM DEUM PATER OMNIPOTENTEM FACTO REM CAELI ET TERRAE ET INVISIBILIUM

4. DO YOU ACTUALLY BELIEVE THAT?

5. DOES “GOD” EXIST? HOW? WHERE? WHY?

6. WHY IS THIS THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION HUMANS CAN ASK? WHAT DOES THE ANSWER TELL US?

7. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BELIEF AND KNOWLEDGE?

8. THEOLOGY: WHAT YOU KNOW FAITH: WHAT YOU ACCEPT FROM WHAT YOU KNOW RELIGION: WHAT YOU DO

9. CHALLENGES TO “FAITH” 1.EVIL 2. NATURE/FREE WILL

10. “SUMMA THEOLOGICA” (SUMMARY OF THEOLOGY) ST. THOMAS AQUINAS “QUINQUAE VIAE” ( 5 PROOFS)

11. 1.THE PRIME MOVER 2.UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE 3.POSSIBILITY/NECESSITY 4.GRADATION 5.GOVERNANCE OF UNIVERSE

12. THE PRIME MOVER The universe is in motion. The earth rotates, atoms move, planets and stars are moving. There had to be something that started it all. Think of a line of dominoes. They are still until something starts to knock them over

13. UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE The universe exists. I exist. Nothing can cause itself to exist because it would have to exist before itself. But because things exist there had to be “something” that always existed that caused all other things to exist.

14. POSSIBILITY AND NECESSITY It is possible that some things could not exist, but they do. Because anything exists it must mean that something exists that couldn’t possibly NOT exist. God has to exist for anything to exist.

15. GRADATION Everything is relative. I am tall next to an infant but short next to a skyscraper. There has to be something that is “tallest.” Because we know there is goodness in the world, there has to be ultimate goodness.

16. GOVERNANCE OF THE UNIVERSE There seem to be universal laws that govern the universe. The universe does not seem to be ultimately chaotic but ordered. If there is order something had to instill it.

17. “THE TREE COMES TO ME” Everything in the universe has a nature that tells me what it is.” Everything in the universe fulfills it’s nature. I am in the universe. Therefore I should fulfill my nature.

18. PORPHYREAN TREE ME MONKEY FLOWER ROCK

19. Describe the existence of the rock. Can it be more “rockish?”

20. How does the rock exist? It has mass. It occupies space. It exists in time. It is not alive.

21. How does the flower exist? It also occupies, space, has mass, and exists in time. However what does the flower “have” that the rock doesn’t?

22. LIFE And what does the mean for the flower?

23. DEATH Everything that lives dies.

24. How does the monkey exist? Compared to the rock? Compared to the flower? What does the monkey have that neither of the other two has?

25. A MIND The monkey can make choices.

26. How do I exist? Compared to the rock? Compared to the flower? Compared to the monkey? What do I have that none of the other three have?

27. CONSCIOUSNESS I CAN CHOOSE BETWEEN RIGHT/WRONG I CAN BE MORE OR LESS HUMAN

28. I KNOW I EXIST SELF CONSCIOUS

29. I cannot completely fulfill my nature while I am alive

30. FREUD’S MODEL OF PERSONALITY SUPER EGO EGOID

31. HOW PERSONALITY WORKS EGO REASONS SUPER EGO “RIGHT/WRONG” ID “WANTS”

32. ID When we are born we are “all ID” The center of instinct and pleasure Everyone has one The “devil” on our shoulder

33. EGO The center of reason and rational thought It develops as we develop Controls and tames the ID

34. SUPER EGO Last component of personality to develop The center of moral action Must be rightly formed Very few people “live there” (Jesus, St. Francis etc.)

35. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS PERSONAL MEANING VALUES BELONGING SAFETY PHYSIOLOGICAL

36. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS Food, air, water, shelter If I control access to these I control you. Nothing is more important than the lowest need met.

37. SAFETY NEEDS There are two types of safety: Physical safety Psychological safety BOTH ARE POWERFUL. THE THREAT OF “DANGER” IS OFTEN ENOUGH TO COMPEL ASSENT

38. BELONGING The need to experience some sort of community is compelling enough to override our sense of morality. Better to belong and go along than to be alone.

39. Social Contract Understands the needs of the community and the role of the individual in that community.

40. Personal Values Good for goodness sake. Jesus Gandhi St. Francis

41. LORD OF THE FLIES Theme: The defects of a society can be traced to the defects of the individual. Are we essentially good or evil? Should society free us or control us?

42. What is the book really about? Golding was reacting to: WWII Holocaust Atomic weapons Arms race

43. Everything and everyone means something Symbols: The island- Eden Conch-order Fire-knowledge/insight Littluns’- the masses

44. ID- Jack EGO-Ralph/Piggy (symbiotic relationship) SUPER EGO- Simon

45. Questions to ponder? What is Piggy’s real name? What did he learn in his conversation with Ralph? Why do they elect Ralph as chief? What is Golding telling us? Why do Ralph and Piggy need each other? Describe the choir?

46. Sin of irresponsibility Two Goals: Rescue Food Who killed the “mulberry boy”?